Paralegals role in the legal system

A paralegal plays a big role in the legal system. Under their supervising attorney they are responsible to perform many tasks. These include interviewing clients and witnesses, investigation facts, conducting discoveries and drafting pleadings and other documents. They are also called upon to perform administrative tasks as well. These may include conflicts checking and the very important Job of time keeping. To be able to perform these tasks effectively and to meet the rigorous demands of deadlines, a paralegal must possess certain skills. Skills common to all paralegals include resourcefulness, commitment, analytical skills, interpersonal skills, communication skills, professionalism, human relations skills, and soft skills. † Thomas F. Goldman & Alice Hart Hughes, Civil Litigation Process and Procedures, 1 5(2nd deed. 2012). Attorneys have the American Bar Association to enforce their ethical behavior, likewise paralegals have their own associations. â€Å"Two major legal a ssistant organizations that provide an ethical code for their members are the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NAP) and the National Association of Legal Assistants (INLAY' old.At 36. Under no circumstances should a paralegal misrepresent themselves as a lawyer. If they do they are committing the unauthorized practice of law. Ethical guidelines differ from state to state. Conflicts of Interest Is defined as â€Å"situations where the interest or loyalties of the lawyer and client may be or may appear to be adverse of divided. † old. At 36. An example of conflict of interest would be if a lawyer represents the husband In a divorce case then down the road represents the wife in a child custody case against the same former husband. This Is where conflicts checking plays a very Important role.

The Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum) was the 15th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important[1] councils. It convened in Trent (then capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Trent, inside the Holy Roman Empire, now in modern Italy) between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563 in twenty-five sessions for three periods. Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent (1545-1547), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna (1547) during the pontificate of Pope Paul III. 2] Under Pope Julius III, the council met in Trent (1551-1552) for the twelfth through sixteenth sessions. Under Pope Pius IV the seventeenth through twenty-fifth sessions took place in Trent (1559-1563). The council issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Hol y Mass and the veneration of saints. It issued numerous reform decrees. 3] By specifying Catholic doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, the Council was answering Protestant disputes. [1] The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work; as a result, Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus initiating what since the twentieth century has been called the Tridentine Mass (from the city's Latin name Tridentum), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate. 4] The Council of Trent, delayed and interrupted several times because of political or religious disagreements, was a major reform council and the most impressive embodiment of the ideals of the Counter-Reformation. [4] It would be over 300 years until the next Ecumenical Council. When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the m odern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI. [5] The Council of Trent The Council of Trent was an ecumenical council convoked by the Church in 1545 and ran until 1563. It was convoked by Pope Paull III but continued by Popes Julius III and Pius IV. The purpose of the council was to address the grwonig threat presented by the rising Protestant movement which was rapidly spreading all over Europe, winning believers to their side and threatening the very existence of the Catohlic Church and faith.It was convoked when the Church realized that the Reformation was a serious threat as it involved several secular leaders whom Martin Luther had won over to his side and it was no longer a mere theological debate but had social and political implications at this point in time. In a way, the Council had somehow succeeded in getting the Church from its â€Å"medieval† image and bring it into the modern times which would be followed up by subsequenct councils, the First and Second Vatican Councils (McNally 36). The Council addressed the issues that spurred th e Protestants into action.One particular issue that the Council did address was the apparent corruption in the Church as an institution including the sale of indulgences which triggered Luther's â€Å"rebellion† (Mendham 317). The Council abolished several of these illegal practices and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms providing a provision governing the conduct of the religious, particularly those belonging to monastic and mendicant orders where they â€Å"shall order their lives in accordance to what is prescribed by the rule which they have professed.† The result of this was it checked corruption in the Church and helped restore â€Å"back to basics† policies where the religious were reminded to uphold the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience that they took upon entering the orders after years of strife affected the Church leading it to be infiltrated and influenced by political figures which changed its direction and led to the near-loss of its credibility. In addition, it also led to further education of the clergy and the codfication of religious orders (Roman Catholic Church, Session 25; Fisher 402).But this was the only â€Å"correction† the Church made. The rest were reaffirmations of other church traditions that hardly changed at all. These were considered part of Church traditions which Protestants opposed, believing that they were â€Å"invented† by Catholics as Protestants subscribed to â€Å"sol scriptura,† relying on the Bible as their source of â€Å"tradition. † Among them were the sacraments where Protestants found most of them â€Å"unecessary† yet the Church upheld it.They clarified the issue on the saints and the Blessed Virgin Mary by stating that they are only to be â€Å"venerated,† not â€Å"worshipped,† something Protestants accused Catholics, charging that this was bordering on idolatry or paganism, as well as stressing the necessity of good works to go with one's faith rather than relying on faith alone. They made use of the Bible in defending the practice of the sacraments, stating they were not inventions and were stated in Scripture though implicit (Madrid 111).Another issue that was upheld was the infalliability of the Pope. Notwithstanding the scandals that undermined the image of the papacy, the Council upheld the Pope's place as the Vicar of Christ and the head of all Christendom. It can be inferred here that there was still the need of a leader who could transcend spiritual and secular realms, especially during this time when Reformation brought more upheavals and instability (Luebke 45, Madrid 44-53).As an epliogue, this was addressed once again in the Second Vatican Council in 1963 and the infallibility issue was resolved once and for all here. In conclusion, the Council of Trent cannot be entirely credited in ensuring the survival and continued existence of the Catholic faith but was rather part of the Counter-Ref ormation that had somewhat checked the spread of Protestantism.It was able to uphold and defend the traditions the Church regard as part of professing one's faith, thereby throwing back the accusations Protestants hurled at it for being on the wrong side of faith. As a parting shot, Catholic apologists in the Council of Trent and beyond, have riposted Protestant arguments by stating (ironically) that there existence was because of the Church and had there been no Church, they never would have existed at all. Works Cited Fisher, George P.The Reformation. Bibliobazaar, 2009. Madrid, Patrick. Where Is That in Tradition? Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2002. McNally, Robert E. , SJ. â€Å"The Council of Trent, The Spiritual Exercises and Catholic Reform. † Church History 34. 1 (1965): 36-49. Medham, Joseph. Memoirs of the Council of Trent. London: James Duncan, 1834. Roman Catholic Church. The Council of Trent. 1545. Hanover College. 14 Aug. 2010 .

Sun Tzu Strategic Management

Sun Assignment 2. Strategic Management . School of Strategy. According to Synder and Neil H. (1982) in their journal called ‘Strategic Management Journal’ , The school of strategy definition of strategic planning that are offered by Henry Mintzberg in 1981 concludes that strategic planning is a process involving all components of planning that integrated decision making, structured procedure with articulate results, and specific tactical objectives that should be seen as a whole process. In the school of strategy, there are 10 school of thought, it is divided into two parts which are prescriptive and descriptive.The details of the strategy are shown below. Prescriptive schools : consist of 3 schools which are Design, Planning and Positioning. Descriptive schools : consist of 7 schools which are Entrepreneurial, Cognitive, Learning, Power, Cultural, Environmental and Configuration. Also, Written in article called â€Å" An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-RIvani Model’ by Dr. David Ward (2005). In year 1977 another guy came along which a set of strategy alongside Mitzberg that called Whittington.He claimed that there are four criteria that will determine a strategy success which are Deterministic or Emergent, Single Goal or Pluralistic, Strategy Style, and Influences. The Link between Prescriptive schools and Descriptive schools. From what i understand from both of this schools, prescriptive schools are the first step of strategy that needed to be done If we would like to do something. For example, If you want to open your own business, the first step would be the prescriptive school where you need to design what kind of business you would like to do, plan how to do your business (business plan) nd also how you position your business(where do you want your business to be). In the other hand , Descriptive schools of strategies are the strategies and skills that are needed to bring forward you prescriptive schools . Where a ll components of this strategy can effect your business. For example, any successful business need to have a leader who can lead the organization forward where what has been designed, plan , and positioned and to be a leader, strategy as entrepreneurship is essential. The Differences between Prescriptive schools and Descriptive schools.In Prescriptive schools, design and planning are the aim of a company â€Å" to fit organizational capability with environmental ability and to best allocate resources to achieve any chosen goals within a specific timeframe† and to make the aim a success, a proper positioning strategy needed to be done. All of theses examples often using strategies such as environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis (design), forecasting (planning), Market segment & five forces (positioning). Therefore, we would understand here that prescriptive schools are used to understand more about the market.For instance, in strategic management, prescriptive schools are often used to determine who is your target market, understanding your competitors, defining your opportunities, and also what kind of strategy that our company would like to execute properly to gain competitive advantage especially if you are doing business globally or growing your business internationally. In the other hand, Descriptive Schools are more of all the things that needed to be in order within a company or organisation to execute the strategy that has been choose.For example, even with a proper planning but without a proper team to execute it, it will be hard for any business to sustain even in the early stage while making business. Its consist of leader needed, networking we have, culture reflects , economic cycle, environmental circumtances, ethics , and also cognitive psychology. Which means that, in descriptive schools , it is all the components that a company or firm need to have in order to execute any strategy perfectly. How to Profeciently Execute any strategy w hen we already understand about the schools of strategy?In the world business nowadays, understanding the theoretical area of a strategy such as schools of strategy would not be enough to execute a perfect strategy. As had been stated by Gamble and Arthur (2009) in their book called ‘ Essentials of Strategic Management’ , They have stated that there are three elements that needed to be have in order to execute any strategy. The elements are shown below : Human Capital – Intangible assets such as skills, knowledge, and values that are required by the strategy. . Information Capital – Intangible assets such as the systems, databases, and networks that support the strategy. 3. Organizational Capital – Strategy supportive intangible assets such as leadership, alignment of goals, and teamwork. Whittington’s Classification of Strategic Perspective. According to Whittington(2002), in his book called ‘ What is Strategy and Does it Matterâ€℠¢ , increasing profits is the highest goal of business and rational planning needed if we want to attain it.Meanwhile, the strategic aim in business would be earning a return on capital, and if in any particular case the return in the long run is not enough, the deficiency should be corrected or the activity should be abandoned. To sum up the idea of whittington : Classical Approach of strategy. – a classical approach to any strategy requires that the manager must be ready and capable of adopting profit maximizing strategies through long term planning. Besides that there are three more example of approach that are shown below : Evolutionaty Approach of strategy. oes not rely on top management skill to plan and act rationally. Instead, it will all depend on the markets which will determine the profit maximization. Also, in evolutionary perspective, the best selected strategy will determine the performance of the company. Processual Approach to strategy. Organizations and marke ts are wrought with confusion and mess. Therefore, the best Processual method is not strive for the ideal, instead, it needed to work with the reality offers where micro-political view has implied that firms are not united towards a single goal such as profit.Besides that, it will be up on the number of individuals with different interest and bring them to the organization. The main strategy for this approach is to simplify all the complex processes. Systemic Approach on Strategy. – The theorist for this approach believe that the organization is capable of planning and acting effectively. All the social factors such as family, state, and religion influences the means and ends of a systemic approach and will define what is the suitable behavior for each of their members.In this approach, the organization are not just made up by an individuals but of social groups with interests. For instance, class and professions, nations and states, families and gender can be determine as th e systemic variables. Hence, the strategy will depends on the social environment of the firm. Based on four approach on strategy by Whittington, these four theories of action in business will offer us an insight into the motivation behind any companies vision and what are the strategies that the companies would like to implement in order to gain competitive advantage in their market.Reference List : Ward, . (2005). An Overview of Strategy Development Models and the Ward-Rivani Model . . 1 (1), pg12-16. Gamble, Arthur,. (2009). Superior Strategy Execution – Another path of competitive advantage. In: Griffin, L. Essential of Strategic Management. America, New York: McGraw-Hill. pg116-136. Synder, Neil H.. (1982). Research Notes and Communications.. Strategic Management Journa. 3 (3), p265-267. Whittington, Richard (2002). What is Strategy- and Does it Matter?. UK: Thomson Learning. pg29-57.

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 3 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 3 - Assignment Example The image below shows what the iTunes interface looks at the terms that are used are common users. The user has the freedom to choose and move away from the mistake they might have done. There should be navigation buttons like undo that will enable the users to get away from the mistakes that they have done. The figure below shows word processing of Apple. Users should not be left to wonder if some change in the wording of common interface means the use of that interface has changed. The conventions that are used by the platform should remain the same. It should not be changed. The figure in this example shows different words that are used in Gmail. The system should help users in doing away with an error that might occur if a certain action is taken. An example is the Yammer website where the user is to update information on the website. After the user has updated the information, the button on the Update page is disabled so that an error is not made in subsequent updates (Papp 74). The need for users to recall should be minimized as much as possible. The memory of the users should be spared. The users should not remember information from the first part of the process. An example is coding. The user should type ahead when coding and all the information that user needs will pop up. This is common in Quanta IDE (Papp 82). There should be actions that will help in the process of interaction between the user and the system. This should be common for both the novice and the experienced user. The users should be allowed to tailor actions which are frequent. An example is an Apple spreadsheet product. It has shortcuts that help users to get information quickly. There should be good and appealing design of the site. There should not be too much design elements in the site. Dialogue boxes should not have information which is not needed in the suite. The Kontain

Essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Question - Essay Example For example, considering that patriarchal social systems are the norm during the time of revelation, one can see why the choice of a male messenger of God in the form of Prophet Mohammad strengthened the status quo. What Wadud seems to be implying is that although there is no dispute about the revealed word, its documentation and dissemination was exclusively done by men, making it susceptible to sub-conscious (if not deliberate) gender bias. Seen in this perspective, the Holy book could be interpreted as a divine code meant to apply only to men and which employs masculine language and viewpoints throughout. With this new understanding it is then a natural course of action to reinterpret the text from a female point of view, by discounting historical patriarchal prejudices and attitudes toward women. Added to this there are limitations of language itself, which is found inadequate in encapsulating the numinous and transcendent into the range of common human experience. However sophisticated the syntax, grammar and flexibility of Arabic languages, they cannot capture experiences that are beyond words. This could mean that there is a divergence between divine intent and the Holy Quran. Also, divine revelation is a process and not an event. This was true even during the life of Prophet Mohammad, when divine guidance did not cease to arrive to him till his last days. So, if one sees the guidance provided by Allah as perennial and emergent, there is plenty of scope for constructing a fair and just code for womens role in society. If one would accommodate these adjustments to the reading of Quran, as the author Amina Wadud proposes, the the text ceases to be as oppressive for women as it is made out to be. I largely agree with the authors assessment and her suggestions for a progressi ve reinterpretation of the Quran. 2.

Cooper's Industries M&A Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooper's Industries M&A - Case Study Example The complementary development continued throughout the 1970’s as did the diversification into related areas. The main aim of this corporate strategy has been to lessen its dependence on the cyclical natural gas business. 2) Cooper’s creates value through building similar businesses around related areas of its expertise and then achieving synergies from these businesses. The value that is created is by combining the strengths of the related diversification and complementary building by which the company achieves capabilities in areas close to each other. This synergy helps it to achieve scale and size in running the business. Hence, Cooper’s creates value through these twin processes and by achieving synergies. 3) The key resources of Cooper’s are its people and especially those in the upper reaches of management. The company has consciously followed a strategy of hiring the best talent available to run its various businesses and this has resulted in it achieving a corporate culture that has become an asset for the company. The other key resource of Cooper’s is its culture of encouraging the various businesses to run autonomously thereby encouraging risk-taking and entrepreneurial spirit among the business units. This is related to the company culture and hence it can be said that Cooper’s key resources are its people and the processes that it has built around them. 4) It is my view that Cooper’s should not acquire Champion Spark plugs. There are many reasons for this and they range from the gigantic restructuring that needs to take place at the organizational and operational level as well as the huge increase in its debt percentage resulting from the deal. Further, the company does not stand to gain from integrating another company that is primarily into manufacturing spare parts as the potential synergies from such a move are debatable.

Variation of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Variation of Capitalism - Essay Example This essay declares  with the globalization of management structures and the integration of global economic systems, all the economic systems in the world are supposed to follow a standardized structure, but in actuality that is not the case. There are several variations in the economic structures in the world, as well as in the practices of capitalism.According to the paper findings  the effort of converging to a single and effective type of market economy, from the late 19th century has been diminished by the substantial variations among the dominant firms, practices of employment, supplier-customer relationships. As the global economy continues to become more integrated, the societies having different institutional arrangements will eventually continue to develop and create a variation in the economic systems.  The variations are on the grounds of economic and social capabilities in particular sectors and industries. As a result, a country becomes specialized in one sector b ut lacks in the other. The UK economy in the late 20th century was strong in financial services and architecture; on the other hand, they were weaker in construction and assembly line manufacturing.  The institutional subsidiary systems which govern the capital and labour market shape the capitalist models, and when they act in a calibrated manner they reinforce all the sub systems.  The comparative advantage system creates specific ways to adjust any incoming changes.

Bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Annotated Bibliography Example Individuals who were forced to be admitted and who had a pacemaker were not made part of the sample size. When the patients were first admitted to the healthcare center, they experienced higher level of dehydration. Different physiological factors were considered while identifying hydration levels including: systolic blood pressure levels and dryness of the tongue. The study was descriptive in nature and for a descriptive study a sample size of 15 is enough, while the study employed 43 individuals and this means that the sample size was enough. The statistical power of 95% has been mentioned that means that the sample size is adequate for the study. The study was well designed as it followed all the requirements of a descriptive study such as the requirement of the minimum sample size. The study even contained various factors that were related to the purpose of the study. The relevant outcomes of the prevalence as well as the measures and factors of measuring dehydration were clearly mentioned. These outcomes were relevant to the purpose of the study and that is why they were reported. The study included only patients who aged over 60 which is mostly the benchmark age of older adults in most of the nations. This means that the findings of the study can be generalized in people belonging to other nations and this why the eligibility criteria was appropriate. The older adults were experiencing higher levels of dehydration as compared to the dehydration levels assessed by the hospital. This study helped in identifying parameters that are being considered globally to assess the level of dehydration. The study has provided some new measures of identifying the levels of dehydration among older adults and these measures can be utilized in clinical settings to perform the same analysis. This can help in better care of the patient as nurses should know whether their patients are taking appropriate amount of fluid

Soul Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soul Food - Essay Example hered steak; macaroni and cheese; egg custard; bread pudding; sweet potato pie; peach cobbler; pound cake; blackberry cobbler; Red Velvet cake; banana pudding; fried chicken; baked hen and cornbread dressing; okra, corn and tomatoes; and fried corn and fried okra, as well as fried green tomatoes, amongst hundreds of other variations of recipes using different meats, fruits and vegetables. Soul food, as we now know it, actually came from a combination of foods grown and raised in America coupled with an African and Native American "spin" on the style and methods of cooking. Much of this food was derived from the leftovers from the plates and tables of plantation owners in the south. For instance, slaves who prepared foods for the master's table had to prepare the "better" parts of a ham or chicken for the big house and often found themselves eating the parts of the animal that the master and his family and guests did not care to eat, such as the guts, skin, feet, neck and "cock's comb." The slaves has to find ways to improvise on what was given to them, so they found ways to dress it up and make it taste good. While it is true that much of soul food was prepared from poorer quality foods that were essentially "throw-outs" given to slaves (in much the same manner as the slaves would "slop" a hog or feed a dog by giving it table scraps), over time the quality got better. These days, soul food is made from much higher quality meats, as well as fresher produce, than the times in which it was derived. Methods of preparation African-Americans, just as did many white settlers, adapted much of their food prep and cooking methods from Native American tribes, particularly the Cherokee. Cooking in large community pots and digging pits for underground overnight roasting of pigs are still common ways of cooking for larger crowds in the Deep South. Also adapted were many methods of canning and preserving foods for the long hard winters when little was available, this is how "pickling" and jar foods came into existence.[1] Other methods, such as soaking, basting, and marinating different foods for flavoring also came from the Native Americans; however, it is important to remember that Africans imported to America from the Motherland did not routinely eat raw foods. African people were traditionally taught as youth the importance of using moist heat to keep meats tender and juicy, and of using many different kinds of spices or rubs to enhance the coloring and flavor on what may have been otherwise considered as " bland" unappetizing foods. The Culture of Soul Food Cooking A well-known saying is

What's Your Definition of Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What's Your Definition of Happiness - Essay Example As I take it, then, well-being is synonymous with persons own good, welfare, or interest. To say that something contributes to one's well-being is simply to say that it is in one's interest, that it is good for one, or that it makes one's life go better. Understood as such, well-being is an inherently evaluative concept: when we say that something promotes one's welfare, we ascribe a certain type of value to that thing. In particular, we identify it as having prudential value (Silverstein, 2000, p. 279) Ascribing values to objects is certainly an interpretive process, but what has value, the object or the perceiver’s interpretation of the object. One would have to posit that the object is inherently valueless other than the value it may have to itself. Myers and Diener have found in their research that although money has been said to buy happiness, its value can often be short-lived: Wealth, it seems, is like health: its absence can breed misery, yet having it is no guarantee of happiness. In one survey, people on Forbes’s list of wealthiest Americans reported only slightly greater happiness than other Americans; 37% were less happy than the average American. Even lottery winners gain only a temporary jolt of joy. (Myers and Diener, 1995, p. 13) Over time there have been many attempts to discern what true happiness is. Also, attempting to resolve the difference between happiness and pleasure has been a key component of this search. This stretches back to Aristotle who states emphatically that they are different. Pleasure, he poses, has its origin in the survival needs of an organism to preserve itself, quite an early Darwinian attitude. So, no matter how much pleasure or joy can be associated with certain activities done for their own sake, Aristotle refused to identify pleasure with happiness.  Ã‚  

Article Analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Analysis - Article Example To argue this point Hardin develops the thesis of the tragedy of the commons as being borne out of a system that treats the public domain as something that is self-correcting to stasis, and that man works in accordance with what seems to be selfish interests but are in fact actions that in the end work toward the good of all. The tragedy of the commons is the idea that society and people seem blindsided by an appeal to the commons as something that is to be had by all, even when the commons that is referred to here, whether food, or land, or the ability of the environment to take in pollution and waste, are finite things. Hardin essentially says that in fact the individual cannot be trusted to work for the common good, and that society, hardwired as it is to treat the commons as something that is unlimited in supply, is in effect perpetually in a course to deplete the commons and to wreak havoc on the very same things that sustain it. Hardin essentially says that in a world of explod ing populations there is less and less room for the notion of the commons as something that can be exploited and used without restraint or conditions. This outdated notion worked when the populations were low and the actions of men individually and collectively had little effect on the quality and availability of those common things, in the same way that adding a pinch of salt to a glass of water would not alter the taste of the water substantially, but adding more and more salt would eventually change the character of the water and its taste fundamentally. This is the same with the commons and the way the commons has been conceived and abused by society. This old notion of the inexhaustible nature of the commons must go, according to Hardin. Already he says, there have been curbs set in place with regard to the land and the tilling and grazing of the land; in the disposal of

Boldwoods Christmas party Essay Example for Free

Boldwoods Christmas party Essay Bathsheba Everdene is the main character in a Thomas Hardy novel called Far From the Madding Crowd. Which is set in Wessex. Bathshebas character is along with many other things decisive, brisk, vain, businesslike, and independent. However you see her evolve throughout the book, mainly as a result of her marriage to Frank Troy. At the beginning of the story Hardy seems to focus on her bad qualities, though you still see people wishing to be married to her. Some good qualities are shown as well like her thoughtful response to save Gabriels life. Her first fault is vanity. This trait is mentioned in chapter one, almost everything else follows on from this. Vanity affects the way she behaves in a powerful way. Her vanity makes her annoyed and angry at not attracting Boldwoods attention. When she meets Frank Troy he plays up to her vanity by paying her compliments and showing her flirtatious affection. By the end of the story she shows that she has grown out of or overcome her vanity. Instead of wanting to stand out and have everyone looking at her, at Boldwoods Christmas party, she dresses down and wants to merge into the background. You can also see she is not vain because when Boldwood praises her beauty the comments have no effect. Her life experiences have caused this change in her. The main life experience is her marriage to Frank Troy which affected her the most. She transforms from a confident character to a submissive and introverted figure she becomes less and less like her usual self. The first sign you see of independence is fairly near the beginning in chapter three, when we see her riding the horse. Instead of doing it the conventional ladylike way we see her lie flat on her back on top of the horses back. This could be showing her independence and unconventional behaviour, this would tie in with an independent spirit too wild. She likes to have independence so later on in the story when this is taken away from her we see her rely on Gabriel Oak. She always had her own independence, but when she got married she lost that independence and we see her seek advice and help from Gabriel Oak. At one point in the story she rejects Gabriels advice, but later on in chapter fifty four she asks for it. This shows a big change in her personality. She once would have done her own thing and maybe even sacked Gabriel for his advice whereas she now values both him and his opinion. Her independence continues to be shown throughout the rest if the story, even after her marriage to Frank Troy. Independence along with confidence is showed when she goes to the corn market and is the only woman there. Another characteristic shown is confidence with businesslike skills. An example of this would be when she takes it upon herself to sack her bailiff. I have formed a resolution to have no bailiff at all. Bathshebas confidence continues to be shown with her decision to pay the workers herself in chapter ten. Bathsheba has a lot of confidence in herself. In short I shall astonish you all. This is said shortly after her decision to have no bailiff when she is convincing the staff that she can manage. The speech shows her self-confidence shining and her belief in her own ability. Towards the end of the novel we see her find an even balance between the overconfidence which she showed through the beginning of the novel which made her appear full of herself, compared with when she had little or no confidence and relied on Frank Troy, to finally become a person who can cope on her own but realises she cannot do everything to the best of her ability without assistance. Before we see her lose her self confidence she shows she believes in herself by going to the Corn Market, making her the only woman present. One thing bothers Bathsheba; the fact that Boldwood is the only person who does not take notice of her. This lack of attention shows us how she craves to be the centre of attention; you could even go as far as calling her an attention seeker. She will do silly antics in an attempt to attract peoples attention. For example the Valentines Day card. Bathsheba tries to make herself popular with everyone especially men; this seems to be her biggest desire. In chapter thirteen she mischievously sends a Valentine card to Boldwood to attract his attention. This starts Bathshebas change. She wants people to notice her and does not sit around waiting she takes action for herself. The sending of the Valentines card shows her vain characteristic. A big characteristic she shows throughout is impulsiveness, she does things without thinking. The Valentines Day card is an example of this; another example of this earlier in the book is when she chases Gabriel Oak after he had been wrongly informed that many men wanted her hand in marriage; though she did not want to accept his proposal. She did not think that her actions would show this until after the conversation her and Gabriel had. Many of her actions are on impulse she doesnt think things through first. Later on however she takes time to think about Fannys grave and she decides to clean it up and replant the bulbs on it. This also shows she can be selfless. When Gabriel gives her advice early in the novel she decides she doesnt like what he has to say. She sacks him whilst she was angry and acting highly impulsively. This demonstrates how she doesnt want to face the truth even though she values his opinion; later in the novel after the drowning of Frank Troy she relents asking him for his thoughts.

Role of Social Media in Egyptian Revolution

Role of Social Media in Egyptian Revolution Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction Literature Review Background of Revolution Mobilization Theories Use of Social Media in Egypt We are all Khaleed Said Asmaa Mafhouz Use of Social Media during 25th of January Conclusion Bibliography Introduction During the most recent years, the internet has intensified and disseminate in rapid pace like no other phenomenon in the world today. Referring to ITU and World bank, from 20000 to 2014, the number of individuals using internet rose, from 390 milion to 2,923 billion (ITU, 2014). This unmistakably demonstrates the impact of internet on our lives and how that more individuals of different age at this time utilize the web as a part of their regular life to be in touch and correspond with companions or associates, in order to purchase items, watch films, read daily news, or even just look for data that is important to them. In the previous century, the initial stage of internet which was also known as WEB 1.0 was very limited and people could only view the content that was already created for them. However, recently with the technological development there is an increased interaction between internet user, which has lead to Web 2.0. Web 2.0, contrary to Web 1.0, allows people create and share its own content. Flew (2005) , in few words, compared the advancement of the web from 1.0 to Web 2.0 by describing as a â€Å"move from personal websites to blogs and from publishing to participation† (Flew, 2005). The advent of Web.2.0, new media and sites like Facebook or Twitter, has allowed people from different parts of the world are able to experience and witness what is happening all around the world. Hence, new media has changed our world. It has broadened our means of communication and allowed us to connect with people across spaces and time in unprecedented ways. The emergence of technologies summarized as new media undoubtedly provides new means of activism for the world’s people. Referring to Castells (2007) â€Å"the recent advantages in technology, and how the technology is being used have created a new paradigm that is reconfiguring how power is negotiated in the public sphere†. Therefore, the new media has essential implication for political activists who under this new paradigm are able to as Castell points out â€Å" build their autonomy, and confront the institutions of society in their own terms projects†(Castells, 2007). Many crucial historical events, protest and revolutions were feasible thanks to invention of new technologies through different periods of history. The discovery of the print in Europe in mid 15th century helped the Reformation; 1848 revolutions occurred thanks to the Telegraph System which allowed rapid diffusion of political news across the Europe. Therefore technology continues to have an enormous impact in our lives. Social media has had vast impact even in recent times of political crisis such was the Arab Spring that spread-out in Egypt resulting in what many referred to as Twitter Revolution. Accordingly, I will aim to explore the role and the impact of the cyber activism through platforms such Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, blogs on mobilizing people for collective action. The main research question lies on how has the social media impacted and effected the creation of social movements and their mobilization on overthrowing an authoritarian regime as in Egypt during the Arab Spr ing of 2011. Literature Review In recent years, new social media has been a very key topic which many scholars and academics explored. Professors Liervrouw and Livingstone in the Handbook of New Media: Student Edition (2002), which, according to Ellen Wartella, is a the first major review of interactive technologies and their cultural and social context defines social media; â€Å"information and communication technologies and their associated social contexts†( Lievrouw and Livingstone, 2002). Not everyone agrees with effectiveness of Social media, B.J. Mendelson in his book â€Å"Social Media† is bullshit† (2012) tries to expose the myths of social media. He illustrates how the conception of â€Å"social media† first came to importance, and why it has such a prevailing presence in the marketing field. Furthermore, he demonstrates why the Facebook friends and Twitter followers doesn’t not mean nothing without old-fashioned real-world connections. He analyzes famous stories of social media achievements, and reveals some unsettling truths behind the surface. What’s more he tell s how to best control the potential of the Internet—without spending a fortune in the process (Mendelson, 2012). There is a debate among scholars whether how much the social media plays a role and has an impact on collective action and brining social change by toppling authoritarian regimes. Clay Shirky (2008) is one of the foremost researchers to develop on the effects of the internet and support the role of social media as a new social tool for mobilization. In his book â€Å"Here Comes Everybody† he argues in favor of Internet effects on organization. Shirky states that with the creation of social media, a group can be formed without the previous limitations of time and cost. According to him â€Å"tools that provide simple ways of creating groups lead to new groups, [] and not just more groups but more kinds of groups† (Shirky, 2008). On the other hand, not everyone agrees with Shirky’s ideas. Malcom Galdwell, a Canadian journalist, in his 2010 journal is doubtful on the emancipation and empowers aspects of social networking in general. He is skeptical of revolutionary potential of it. Social media, according to him, creates only weak ties which are not powerful enough for powerful action in the terrain. As he puts â€Å"once the activists were defined by their cause, while now they are defined by their tool†(Galdwell, 2010). Numerous people in the scholarly world, media and policy making circles has attempted to comprehend and explain the reasons for the Egyptian Uprising in 2011. The mainstream hypotheses range from poverty and suppression to years of aggravation from unfulfilled expectation of a new generation, etc. Mohamed El Bendary, an expert on Middle Eastern Affairs, in his book â€Å"The Egyptian Revolution: Between Hope and Despair, Mubarak to Morsi† (2013), offer an account and a chronology of the 2011 Egypt’s uprising and its outcomes. As an Egyptian-American, he also analysis the US-Egypt relation and see if Egypt can became a democratic country without US economic assistance or intervention in the interior affairs. Furthermore, Tarek Osman a leading world expert in modern history of Egypt, in his journal for Cairo Review, gives a depth analysis for the causes of Mubarak fall (Osman, 2011). Also, in his book â€Å"Egypt on the Brink: From Nasser to Mubarak† which received universal recognition, he unfolds the reader with the situation in Egypt by giving a prospective on the remarkable demonstrations of January and February of 2011 and the ousting from power of Mubarak. In the renewed publication of his book, he puts those events solely in the framework of Arab Spri ng movement that continued to distress the entire Southern hemisphere. Background of Revolution The 2011 was a key year in the history of Egypt. Suddenly, an unexpected revolution was taking place before everyone’s eyes. On 25th January of 2011, which was also a public holiday known as National Police Day, and 11 days after the president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was toppled from power in Tunisa, Egyptian demonstrators stormed in the streets of Cairo, Alexandria, Suez and began their struggle in order to bring down Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, dissolve assembly, and draft a novel constitution. To analyze the characteristic’s and the causes of the Egyptian Revolution is important to get familiar with it’s historical background. In 1981, after the assassination of Anwar Sadat, the Egyptian people continued living under oppressive and authoritarian regime, hence with a different name. The alleged Modern Pharaoh, Hosni Mubarak became one of the longest leaders in power of the modern Egyptian history, ruling for nearly 30 years. With coming to power, Hosni Mubarak, introduced the â€Å"Emergency Law†, through which military officers and government were allowed to violate peoples privacy and detain them for any period of time, without any reason (Kanalley, 2011). As time went by, people began to feel discontent with his internal and external policy. The gradual worsening of socio economic condition, overwhelming and wide-spread corruption, and gap between rich and poor’s fueled the irritation and dissatisfaction of Egypt’s citizens towards his regime (Osman, 2012). A part of the problem was that Mubarak was fully detached and lived isolated from its own people. Tarik Osman writes that people of Egypt knew very little about him personally and he was mostly associated with ceremonials and public events (Osman, 2012). Consequently, the resentment aimed and targeted him personally. During his 30 years in power, people of Egypt only knew him as someone who was responsible for their everyday misery and troubles. This dissatisfaction towards Mubarak, gradually began to turn into violent manifestion of hatred. From 2004, there were many small demonstration where people began tearing his bill-boards and pictures in the street (Osman, 2012). According to Osman, Mubarak in turn responded by relying on containment, coercion and confrontation. Through containment, he wanted to introduce investment plans in order to ease the demands and lessen the pressure especially from the middleclass (Osman, 2012). Coercion turn out to be apparent as a tool to maintain any possible challenge, such as crushing of protest, restriction on civic organization, and the prevalent use of torture (Osman, 2012). On the other hand, confrontation was done in order to restrain any possible potential political force from challenging him in the near future (Osman, 2012). The pressure, determination, and spirit of youngusters—2/3 were under age thirtyfive forced the government to more and more depend on confrontation and coercion rather than containment. However the coercion used by the government gradually started to became unsustainable as the accessibility of Internet and international media gave to population a better consciousness and the prospect to mobilize their dissatisfaction Mobilization Theories The impact of Social Media as a tool for collective action and mobilization can be examined through a set of theories. Clay Shirky (2011) is one of the early researchers to develop on social media as a new social tool for collective action. He asserts that throughout the years, the world technology framework has gotten denser, more intricate, and more participatory. Individuals have picked up more noteworthy access to data, more chances to take part out in the open discourse, and hence, an upgraded capacity to embrace collective action (Shirky 2011). Thus, according to him these innovations such as, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter has become a reality of life and can help facilitate publics demand for change. People, activists, governmental and non governmental organizations, telecommunications firms are all actors that engage and participate in social media sites. Furthermore a key component of political participation can be explained through Manuel Castells network theory, where he believes that weak ties, anononymosity in internet and characteristics of online communication provide a solid ground for activism (Castells, 1996). According to him, Internet has shaped a ‘space of autonomy’ for the trade of information and the distribution of feelings of collective indignation and hope. He points that the lnternet network has turn out to be the tangible supporter of an innovative kind of political activism, an activism that sustains on horizontal networks, on political autonomy, leaderless organization, and baseless solidarity (Castells, 2012). Resource mobilization theory is based on the idea that a social movement success depends on the ability to mobilize people through resources such as time, capital, organizational skills, and several social/political event. By referring to this theory, lnternet offers communication bridges that helps a society build up and provide resources that can be used to coordinate protest where government mistrust is huge and civil activism is steadily suppressed. Use of Social Media in Egypt Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Youtube were main actors in providing communitication between protestors and activists. The role and utilization of social media in the Egyptian uprising in 2011 has gathered a considerate amount of interest in the world. We are all Khaleed Said One of the major motives that sparked the hugest outrage in Egypt during that time was the police brutality that resulted in the death of Khaled Said . Khalid Said who was only twenty eight years and a computer engeenigering student, when two police offers entered in the internet caffe and beat him to death, supposedly for uploading a video in the internet, where police officers are seen sharing the drugs they’ve just seized (Bbc.co.uk, 2011). A picture of his corpse in the morgue snapped by his brother with a cellphone, went viral in the internet and caused a major outcry in the public opinion. The image published in the inteternet, according to HRW, showed a fractured skull, dislocated jaw, broken nose, and numerous other signs of trauma (Wedeman, 2010). The shock and outrage on his brutal death lead to the creation of the Facebook page â€Å"We Are All Khaled Said† which later became influential in future organization of demonstrations of 2011.The Facebook page promptly gathered over 460,000 users who spread around the internet the graphic image of Khaled’s disfigured body and YouTube videos contrasting those images with a healthy Said. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ © The day president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was toppled from power in Tunisa, â€Å"We are All Khalid Said† created an event in Facebook and declared an uprising in Egypt aswell. Approximatly 500.000 member were invited only in Facebook, to the demonstration of 25th of January, where they could signal whether they’d would attend by clicking â€Å"Yes†, â€Å"Maybe†, or â€Å"No†. Asmaa Mafhouz Seven days before the 25th of January protest, a women named Asma, posted a video on Facebbok, where she asked the people to take part in the demonstration of 25th. Her video went viral and the strongest aspect of this video was that she was not afraid to show her face and identify herself. According to Good man (2011), â€Å"the courage of this act, speaking out so forcefully as a women, inspired many others to start posting their images online†. Many argue that those affecting calls inspired many to join the uprising; Use of Social Media during 25th of January On 25th January of 2011, which day also coincide with National Police Day, huge demonstrations erupted in the streets of Cairo, Alexandria, Suez. The main reason behind the protest was the excessive abuse of police forces, especially in the case of Khalid Said. Among the requests of protesters were the resignation of Police Minister, the re-establishment of a fair minimum wage, abolishing the emergency law, and mandate restrictions for the president. The protestors plan for the first protest of 25th of January was held though online communication, via different Facebook pages (mainly â€Å"We are all Khaled†) and twitter accounts. Their goal was to increase the number of protests in as much cities as possible, especially mobilize those on poorer regions (deprived from PC and internet), and prevent the police cordons (Nuns, 2011). The police was aware about the protests, but, according to EI Bendary, they were expecting only a few number of demonstrators as happened in protests held six years earlier, however they were stunned when they saw the enormous number of activists gathered in Tahiri Square (Bendary 2012, pg 20). According to El Bendary, police must have not been aware of the lnternet use in Egypt, which had resulted in a massive digital connectivity. Conclusion The thesis has analyzed the role and impact of social media in the Egyptian Revolution. Throughout the paper the thesis has expanded and examined the role of The lnternet as a vital instrument that was used during the Arab Spring, especially in Egypt, and how it facilitated the revolution. Consequently, the ideas and beliefs that were diffused all the way through social-network sites, lead to a greater organization and mobilization for collective political action. Therefore, social media can be very effective in delivering the message and coordinating the activism, however its influence should not be overhyped. There are also many other factors that foster the change. Bibliography Bbc.co.uk, (2011).BBC World Service Programmes Egypt: We are all Khaled Said. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2011/02/110217_outlook_egypt_protests_khaled_said.shtml [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Castells, M. (1996).The rise of the network society. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers. Castells, M. (2009).Communication power. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. El-Bendary, M. (2013).The Egyptian Revolution. Flew, T. (2005).New media. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. Gladwell, M. (2010). Small Change.New Yorker. [online] Available at: http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2010/10/04/small-change-3 [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Goodman, A. (2011).http://www.democracynow.org/2011/2/8/asmaa_mahfouz_the_youtube_video_that. ITU, (2014).Statistics. [online] Available at: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Lievrouw, L. and Livingstone, S. (2005).Handbook of New Media. London: SAGE Publications. Mendelson, B. (2012).Social media is bullshit. New York, N.Y.: St. Martins Press. Nunns, A., Idle, N. and Soueif, A. (2011).Tweets from Tahrir. New York: OR Books. Osman, T. (2012).The Fall of Hosni Mubarak. [online] Aucegypt.edu. Available at: http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=233 [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015]. Osman, T. (2013).from Nasser to the Muslim Brotherhood. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Shirky, C. (2008).Here comes everybody. New York: Penguin Press. Wedemen, B. (2010).Demonstrators in Egypt rail against brutality, mans death CNN.com. [online] Edition.cnn.com. Available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/africa/06/25/egypt.police.beating/ [Accessed 27 Feb. 2015].

What I Would Place In A Time Capsule Essay -- essays research papers

What I Would Place In A Time Capsule As the turn of the millennium approaches, the human race will continue to develop new technology and new ways of thinking. It is always enjoyable to take a visual journey back in time, to view what was considered advanced and what thoughts of future times represented. A time capsule stored with precious documents and possessions from a past era can serve as a visual and material presentation of what past times were like, and put in prospective the accomplishments that have changed human lifestyles for better or worse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were invited to participate in the planning of a time-capsule, I would include items that depicted the present society's mood and pastimes. One item that suits this category would be music. Music is one of the most influential forms of art, and has brought delight, sadness, love, and despair to individuals worldwide. I would include a compilation of the most popular and the most controversial music of the present era, and some background information on the songs and artists. Song lyrics, like poetry, can go beyond the written words of a book or a story, and give an in depth prospective on people and their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Guiding the new information and technology of today, computers serve as the most useful tool for teaching and productivity across the globe. With the aid of computers, new and better systems are manufactured and put to work constantly. The amount of d...

Tom Jones Essay -- Essays Papers

Tom Jones Tom Jones, by Henry Fielding is a novel that is identical to a soap opera. This book deals with everything from treachery to lust to deceit. He writes about a man and woman’s love for one another and that nothing can stand in their way. Class separates them and they will not let that stop them. â€Å"Acquired a discretion and prudence very uncommon in one of his lively parts.† This is a quote from Squire Allworthy to Tom. I believe that Fielding’s purpose in writing this novel was purely to entertain. He also added stabs at the class society in medieval England. He wrote this novel to inspire hope in the people of his time. He wanted them to go for their dreams and never to give up hope. But most of all this was for entertainment. Humans like to see lives that are in more turmoil than their own. This is why we have soap operas on television today. He achieves this by using characters that seem to be imaginable. He puts these characters in amazing situations. When the reader believes that they have something pinned he puts in another twist that sends your senses spiraling. A specific instance in the novel is when the reader finds out that Mrs. Waters is actually Jenny Jones who is Tom’s mother. He sleeps with Mrs. Waters not knowing this. Fielding does not unveil this secret until the end of the novel. The major problem in the book is simple. There is a deceitful man named Blifil. He and Tom are going after the same woman, Sophia Western. Blifil is a kaniving person and besmirches the reputation of Tom. He makes up lies that hurt Tom’s chances with Sophia. Tom is also a bastard and Sophia's father does not want her to marry a bastard. But he does want her to marry Blifil because he is in line to inherit a large estate. After arguments and many other incidences the truth is revealed. Everyone finds out that Tom is the good one and Blifil is the bad one. Tom also gets the girl. Henry Fielding was born on April 22, 1707, at Sharpham Park in Somersetshire to well-situated, upper-class parents. His mother was the grand daughter of Sir Henry gold, Baron of the Exchequer, and his father, Edmund, fought against the forces of Louis XIV under the Duke of Marlborough, who eventually rose to the rank of lieutenant general. Fielding was home school as was Tom Jones in the novel. A clerk-man from t... ... he does not know that Tom is really his nephew, he treats Tom like a son. Jenny Jones – She is a servant to the schoolmaster, Mr. Partridge. She is accused of being Tom’s mother. Tom has an affair with her at Upton Inn. She changes her name to Mrs. Waters. Mr. Partridge – He is the schoolmaster. His is falsely accused of being Tom’s father and is bannished. He also takes another name, Little Benjamin. Captain Blifil – A hipocrate who is only interested in money and wealth, who takes advantage of Allworthy’s generosity. Master Blifil – He is the son of Bridget and Captain Blifil. He wants to get all of Allworthy’s estate. Mr. Thwackum – He is a tutor brought in to teach Blifil and Tom. He love to disipline with the whip. Mr. Square – Also responsible for educating Blifil and Tom. Squire Western – Allworthy’s neighbor. He loves three things, to hunt, the bottle (alcohol), and his daughter. Sophia Western – She is lovely and intelegent. She is loved by tome and he want to marry her. Mrs. Western – She is stubborn and pretentious. She is the sister to Squire Western. She has no husband or children so she puts all of her efforts into Sophia.

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Interventions Essay -- eye contact, commun

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that develops during a child’s first few years of life (Lesack, Bearss, Celano, & Sharp, 2014). This disorder occurs significantly more often in boys than girls (Goldstein, Naglieri, Rzepa, & Williams, 2012). Autism is part of a group that is known as pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), which also includes Asperger’s disorder, Rett disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) (Sunita and Bilszta, 2012). Some characteristics children represent with autism is the inability to make eye contact, to initiate and respond communication, and smile back at someone else who is smiling at them. Autistic children have trouble with understanding messages and interpretation of facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, and emotional expressions directed toward them. There is also a sense of fear that they have when there is a change of environment (Goldstein, Naglieri, Rzepa, & Williams, 2012). These children also show many developmental struggles like reciprocal socialization, interests, motor skills, cognitive skills, thinking, and activities. On top of all of those developmental difficulties as many as 70% of children with autism spectrum disorder show challenging behaviors, including aggression, disruptive behaviors, and cause injury to themselves. When a child with autism has disruptive behaviors is can lessen the response to educational intervention and then turn into further separ ation from children around their age, which increases the caregivers stress related to disruptions in daily activities (Lesack, Bearss, Celano, & Sharp, 2014). These difficulties or characterization... ...ractice in Pediatric Psychology. 2(1), 68-82. Nah, Y., Young, R.L., & Brewer, N. (2014). Using the Autism Detection in Early Childhood (ADEC) and Childhood Autism Rating Scales (CARS) to Predict Long Term outcome in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. March 23, 2014. Sari, O.T., (2014). Outcomes of Play-based Home Support for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Social Behavior and Personality. 42(Suppl.) S65-S80. Sunita &Bliszta, J.L. (2012). Early Identification of Autism: A Comparison of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health. 49(2013). 438-444. Thompson, T. (2013). Autism Research and Services for Young Children: History, Progress and Challenges. Journal of Applied in Intellectual Disabilities. 26. 81-107.

IKEA Business Research Paper Essay

IKEA is a world renowned furniture and home goods provider. Like all international businesses they have challenges and dilemmas that effect how they approach different aspects of their business. By identifying issues and how to combat them by analyzing accurate data IKEA can better handle situations and ensure continued profitability and company success Statistical Analysis The first level of measurement that IKEA used was nominal measurement. With this level of measurement, items were assigned into groups or categories. This evaluated data was definitive and was captured with the questions that have a â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† answer. The next measurement level was the ordinal level of measurement. This level signified several specific reason behind the assignment and indicated an approximate ordering of the measurements. This evaluated the captured data using median and mode, with questions that have the answer choice for example; satisfied and unsatisfied. This allowed IKEA to determine how often customers were satisfied or unsatisfied with their goods and services. The third level deals with the interval which classified along with ordered the measurements; this level specified the distances between each interval on the scale were equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval. The final level was the ratio level of measurement, this level the measurements can have a value of zero and the divisions between the points on the scale have an equivalent distance between them, and the rankings assigned to the items are according to their size (Marchal, William & Whaten 2009). To evaluate the data, each answer will be given a ranking; excellent (100% satisfaction), average (50% satisfaction), and terrible (0% satisfaction). This was used to measure the level of consumer satisfaction. Challenges to Validity and Reliability Validity and reliability are the two critical factors to be considered during a sample design and data collection. Survey is a very expensive approach. Therefore it is very important to do it right in the first time. Carefully evaluating the potential challenges to validity and reliability of survey question, data and analysis is crucial. Cooper, D & Schindler, P (2006) indicated that there were four major faults of the survey instrument design are 1) the respondent error; 2) the situation error; 3) the measurer; and 4) the data collection instrument (Cooper, D. R. , & Schindler, P. S. 2006. ) At least two potential challenges for the survey should be considered. Different ethic group membership could have different answer to a same question. For example, the customers in some countries may be reluctant to select â€Å"extremely satisfied† or â€Å"extremely satisfied† in the survey questionnaire to express their satisfaction level. This could cause the external validity issues when collecting the data. A defective instrument can cause distortion in a way of too confusing and ambiguous. When the researchers design the questionnaire, they should consider the participants’ education level and comprehension capability. Leading questions, ambiguous meanings, mechanical defects are also mistakes that could cause instrument errors. For example, in the questionnaire one question is â€Å"What are the main reasons you chose IKEA for your shopping needs? † This is an open question to the customers, the outcome of the answers may not be able to quantify for data analysis. It will be better to list the possible reasons to let the customers to choose. The researchers have to carefully determine the instrument scales Steps to Minimize Challenges Our reasoning for the minimization of these potential challenges is to save the company time and money. Having a properly outlined and well prepared survey will lead to validity and reliability. Both validity and reliability are again the two critical factors to consider in the sample design and data collection processes. As stated in our previous section, we have chosen to utilize the following two challenges: ethnical differences and evaluation of the potential challenges to validity and reliability of survey question, data and analysis. Consideration for both challenges can be addressed and identified under the four major faults of the survey instrument design. In order to properly prepare the survey and minimize challenges, IKEA must act as the end user. What essentially will happen is that IKEA will see how the final output questions can be effected by multiple factors. These factors can include the following but are not limited to: age, race, background, and educational background. When looking into these factors they will help to identify potential initial faults of the survey. Finally, the questions should be compared and analyzed to avoid more simplistic issues. The following simplistic issues that could occur and IKEA should be prepared for are the following: leading questions, ambiguous meanings, mechanical defects, and comprehension. When covering all of the bases listed in the above paragraphs only then can IKEA’s final questionnaire/survey be complete. There is no way to eliminate the margin for error in any test such as a questionnaire. However when properly addressed the potential for challenges effecting data validity and reliability can be minimized. Classification of Findings Currently, IKEA’s main focus is on profit sustainability and determining if true brand loyalty or short term effects of the world’s recession have affected buying behaviors which has lead to an increase in profits. IKEA can classify the order of power using the fundamental categories; nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio. The nominal measurement scales categorize or put items in groups. The data that can be collected from a nominal scale will be definitive. For example IKEA will be able to determine regular customers from first time buyers and will be better able to analyze the data accordingly. The data reported that 8 out of 10 IKEA shoppers were returning customers. This data suggests that the economy did not have an effect on determining on where consumers were deciding to shop. With the ordinal level of measurement, it will evaluate the captured data using median and mode, with questions that have an answer choice. The data retrieved showed that for every 10 customers 9 were satisfied, which suggested that customers were returning customers because of true satisfaction and company loyalty. The interval along with ratio determines the distances between each interval on the scale are equivalent along the scale from low interval to high interval (Marchal, William & Whaten 2009). This will help to determine trend. This will happen from data being retrieved from questions like; what was your main reason for shopping at IKEA? If you could change something about your shopping experience what would it be? The ratio level is where the points on the scale have an equivalent distance between them, and the rankings assigned to the items are according to their size (Marchal, William & Whaten 2009). To evaluate the data each answer will be given a ranking; excellent (100% satisfaction), good (75% satisfaction), average (50% satisfaction), poor (25% satisfaction) and terrible (0% satisfaction). From the data collected it shows that there was 100% satisfaction 90% of the time. From this data we can conclude that customers are generally satisfied. By collecting data in an accurate and reasonably cost effective manner IKEA can determine their business success and shortcomings. This allows management to make educated decisions to continue company profitability and success.

Movie Review on 12 O’Clock High

At the outset of the film, General Savage is charged by his superior with a daunting task: improve the already dismal morale of the 918th, then fly those crews on daylight precision raids until they can’t fly any more. One of the central themes of the film is the question as to how much stress a man can really take, and how General Savage aims to push his men to that limit and beyond, if necessary. When Savage takes over the 918th, the morale is low, but the men are fiercely loyal to Col. Davenport, from whom General Savage takes command. Because he has been flying missions with the men and utilizing a participative leadership style, Davenport sees firsthand how much is being asked of them, and sympathizes with their plight. He has seen the worst of battle, and he believes far too much is being asked of his crews by his command. Because he feels this way, discipline in the ranks begins to break down, and his crews purposefully fake illness so they won’t have to fight. The â€Å"over- identification† or sympathy Davenport feels for his men makes him an ineffective leader, because he is not able to push them to complete their objectives as his command requires. His crews are loyal to him, but it is obvious they do not respect him as a leader. Recognizing a need for a structural change, General Savage enters, and he’s given a clear set of objectives and has the iron will to see them done. The change in leadership (from participative leadership to executive leadership) has led to opposition as it appears as though that iron will drives the men to seek transfers as Savage seeks to enforce discipline and accountability to form a cohesive fighting unit. It is interesting to note that at first, he appears to want to unite them against him, and he succeeds. They do all request transfers, and select a spokesman to carry out conversations between them and General Savage while the transfers are being carried out. But Savage has a larger plan; one that involves the crews seeing some kind, any kind of success on the battlefield. He buys some time with the transfers, and begins to work on producing positive results for the unit. He started with practice bombing runs with the crews to get them ready for alert status. When the time finally comes, he flies with his crews and initiates a successful bombing run on German positions. When comparing and contrasting the leadership styles of the two men who lead the 918th, there is almost no comparison. While Davenport has the unwavering loyalty of his men and most will do anything for him, they quickly show that they are only willing to go so far under his command. Perhaps they feel they can get away with a little bit more under his command because he is a sympathetic figure, which is why so many of them fake illness to get out of their bombing runs. Savage, on the other hand, has an uncompromising leadership style, and is clearly prepared to sacrifice anyone at any time in order to achieve his objectives. At first, he almost ends up losing the entire 918th, as his strategy is a gamble more than anything else. He is hoping that by bringing them together against him, that they eventually will fight for him (and fight harder at that) when they finally taste some success. This is born out by the repeated daylight bombing runs the crews are forced to undertake to in order to meet the command’s objectives; and each time they go out, they are far more successful under Savage than they ever were under Davenport. Davenport, while able to get his men to fight well for him, is never able to push his men beyond their limits, because they know he will break down and side with them when they refuse. Conversely, General Savage does not accept quitters, and confines the worst of them to one particular plane (The Leper Colony) to prove that point. In creating the Leper Colony, Davenport is instituting reverse phycology to create a change in behavior. Members of The Leper Colony were known to be some of the strongest fighters within the 918th as displayed by Gately who flew three missions with cracked vertebrae. While Savage initially was able to keep his personal feelings out of the situation he found himself in, he became increasingly drawn in with the men, and found himself beginning to identify and become out of balance just as Davenport was. The best example of this was the stowaways on the planes, and Savage’s response to them. Had he not been more emotionally involved, he would have been better able to mete out punishment, instead of largely dismissing the actions of the stowaways after the missions. In my assessment of Savage, it appears as though he will not only be unsuccessful, but end up a dismal failure in trying to rally the crews to his cause. It’s not until the end of the movie where I see the successes pile up, and Savage is vindicated through his approach to group leadership and discipline. Savage taught the 918th several things about commitment, teamwork, and success. He taught them to work as a team, be flexible in order to achieve better performance, take risks, as well as prepare for long term- effectiveness by allowing other members in the unit to carry the load at different times. Also, he did a great job in demonstrating the core tasks of change leadership: Develop and Commutate Purpose, Establish Demanding Performance Goals, Enabling Upward Communication, Forge an Emotional Bond between Employees and the Organization, and Develop Future Change Leaders. In my own experiences, I was faced with improving efficiencies in my area by 20%. Past results had yielded an improvement of 12%. After completing some line observations, I realized that we could gain 6% by not stopping the lines for breaks. This change was extremely unfavorable because the colleagues were accustomed to taking breaks with their friends. Additionally, I noticed that the standard for break time was being abused as colleagues were taking ~6 additional minutes per break as well as stopping the lines 10 minutes early at the end of the shift. I explained that if they continued to abuse the break policy as well as stopping the lines early that I would follow the disciplinary process. This change in behavior gave area an additional 7% increase inefficiencies. Finally, the reaction time from maintenance to equipment breakdown needed to be improved. I implemented a daily downtime meeting to discuss the reasons why the equipment was down. After 1 month of having daily meetings, the department saw a decrease in equipment downtime and my efficiencies went up another 10%. Throughout this process, I had colleagues requesting a transfer to different areas and I became well acquainted with Human Resources. After achieving an efficiency increase of almost 25%, the people who worked with me enjoyed being a part of a team that produced positive results and would say â€Å"she was hard to work with in the beginning, but she rewards you well in the end. In conclusion, this film is interesting in the respect that it shows two very distinct styles of leadership, and where each may fail in the course of job execution. While Davenport initially has some success, the film eloquently shows that he is only able to get so much out of his crews because of his close relationship to them. Savage, on the other hand, winds up getting more out of his cr ews than Davenport ever did, but he almost loses them at the outset of his engagement because of his almost merciless command style. So from viewing this film, we can see that success in leadership probably lies somewhere in the middle and knowing when to adjust your style is key; ultimately, we want to get the most out of the people we have to lead, without having them revolt and wreck the larger objective. Savage succeeded because he ultimately gave his crews a taste of victory and something to fight for, which ultimately characterizes and quantifies what great leaders and leadership really are.

Native Americans and Colonization Essay

Native Americans had inherited the land now called America and eventually their lives were destroyed due to European Colonization. When the Europeans arrived and settled, they changed the Native American way of life for the worst. These changes were caused by a number of factors including disease, loss of land, attempts to export religion, and laws, which violated Native American culture. Native Americans never came in contact with diseases that developed in the Old World because they were separated from Asia, Africa, and Europe when ocean levels rose following the end of the last Ice Age. Diseases like smallpox, measles, pneumonia, influenza, and malaria were unknown to the Native Americans until the Europeans brought these diseases over time to them. This triggered the largest population decline in all recorded history. Fifty percent of the Native American population had died of disease within twenty years. Soon after, Native Americans began to question their religion and doubted the ability of shaman to heal. This was the first step towards the destruction of Native cultures. The Native Americans had never experienced anything like these deadly diseases before and they came to believe that Europeans had the power to kill or give life. Many Native groups, because they were nomadic, didn’t see land as belonging to one person. The idea that someone could come in, claim a piece of land and ban them from it, caused many problems. They could no longer hunt or forage for food in places they had always done so. Fights over territories began to break out and groups who always had plenty of food, now barely had enough. Many Christian missionaries tried to force Native American people to abandon traditional religious beliefs and practices (Mayo, 33). Christian missionaries would sometimes launch attacks on Native American religious institutions when forcing them to convert to Christianity did not work. These harmful attacks destroyed not only their temples and religious artifacts, but also a huge part of their culture. Laws were introduced that protected the land and property the colonists had acquired, banned most of their religious ceremonies, and forced the children into the European educational system. The Europeans wanted to deny the Native Americans of their cultural identity, which eventually would end up wiping them out. Native Americans were deeply effected by colonization. It was extremely unfair of the Europeans to destroy Native American way of life. If the Native Americans had the weapons, like guns and disease, that the Europeans did, then maybe they could have fought for what was theirs. Europeans came to America and changed the Native Americans lives forever. This contact between the Native Americans and Europeans was called the Columbian Exchange. While both Native Americans and Europeans received advantages and disadvantages from the Columbian Exchange, Native Americans definitely suffered more while the Europeans were benefited more. It is not right that the Native Americans lived on American land all their lives and had the land as well as their culture taken away from them in a matter of only a few years. Mayo, Louise A. American Dreams and Reality: A Retelling of the American Story, Volume 1 Second Edition. Illinois: Abigail Press, 2000.

Quality Management and Answer A.

MGC1 Principals of Management Assessment Correct Answers are in RED I Scored 64% ( 33/51 ) 1. A value chain is the sequence of activities that begins with raw materials. What result does a value chain end with? Choose 1 answer A. Outsourcing or insourcing B. Supply and demand C. Delivery of products or services D. Operations and logistics C 2. What happens when an effective value chain is created? Choose 1 answer A. Total quality management is not required. B. Profit margins are increased. C. Customized products are standardized. D. A mission statement is developed. B 3.Industry and market analysis, competitor analysis, and social analysis are examples of which step in the strategic planning process? Choose 1 answer A. Analysis of internal strengths and weaknesses B. Analysis of external opportunities and threats C. Analysis of mission, vision, and goals D. Analysis of management implementation B 4. Skilled management, positive cash flow, and well-known brands are examples of which c omponent of the SWOT analysis? Choose 1 answer A. Opportunities B. Strenghts C. Threats D. Weaknesses B 5. What denotes skills or expertise in an activity that constitutes the roots f competitiveness in an organization? Choose 1 answer A. Strategic values B. Opportunities and threats C. Products and services D. Core competencies D X 6. According to Michael Porter's competitive environment model, how can suppliers influence strategic planning? Choose 1 answer A. Suppliers can reduce the numbers of new entrants in the market. B. Suppliers can reduce the threat from substitute products. C. Suppliers can reduce manufacturing time and increase product quality. D. Supplier can reduce technological, demographic, and legal threats in the environment. X B 7.A company offers unique products in its industry to create a competitive advantage. Which type of strategy is the company using? Choose 1 answer A. Standardization B. Valorization C. Customization D. Differentiation D X 8. Happy Inc. is a leading provider of family entertainment and BCD is a broadcasting company with news, cable, and entertainment networks. Happy Inc. recently acquired BCD in hopes of boosting its primary business of family entertainment. Which type of corporate strategy is represented by Happy Inc. ‘s purchase of their distribution network? Choose 1 answer A. Horizontal benchmarking B. Vertical integrationC. Networking D. Strategic alliances X C 9. A local business has provided services to its customers for 40 years. The business's mission is â€Å"To give our customers the best service in town. † The owner of the business has had a long-standing dream to franchise the business and become the best provider of its service in the United States. What describes the owner's dream? Choose 1 answer A. Strategic management B. Strategic vision C. Strategic mission D. Strategic planning B 10. What is the first step of organizational strategic planning? Choose 1 answer A. Developing a strategic m ission B. Developing internal strengthsC. Developing operational goals D. Developing external opportunities A X 11. The introduction of statistical tools to analyze the causes of product defects is associated with which quality improvement approach? Choose 1 answer A. Flexible Process B. Six Sigma C. Quality Customization D. Customer Process X C 12. What is the principal idea of reengineering? Choose 1 answer A. To analyze system failures B. To focus on creating two-way exchanges with customers C. To improve total quality in all businesses for the benefit of producers and consumers D. To revolutionize key organizational systems and processes C 13.How many defects per million are there at Six Sigma, assuming a product or process is defect-free 99. 99966% of the time? Choose 1 answer A. Less than 6. 6 B. Less than 3. 4 C. Less than 4. 4 D. Less than 5. 3 B 14. What is the last step to Deming's 14 points of quality management? Choose 1 answer A. To evaluate options provided by manageme nt B. To break down barriers among departments C. To take action to accomplish the transformation D. To cease dependence on mass inspection C X 15. Process checklists and project audits are components of which management process? Choose 1 answer A. Quality Assurance B. Quality Control C.Quality Cooperative D. Quality Collaboration X B 16. What is the main objective of an internal quality audit? Choose 1 answer A. To determine the quality of an organization's executive management B. To measure effectiveness of an organization's quality management system C. To gauge the quality of human resources D. To assess the quality of control process failures B X 17. A company is trying to systematically improve processes by eliminating nonconformity of their products to product specifications. The company believes their continuous effort to reduce variation in their process outputs is key to their business success.Which quality process is the company utilizing? Choose 1 answer A. Six Sigma B. I SO 9000 C. Continuous processing D. Reengineering X C 18. Which concept entails all aspects of interaction a company has with its customers in both sales and service-related environments? Choose 1 answer A. Customer association organization B. Customer liaison administration C. Customer connection society D. Customer relationship management D 19. Dr. Ohmae indicates that customer, corporation, and competitors should be integrated in a strategic triangle. What does Dr. Ohmae indicate that an organization can obtain by doing this?Choose 1 answer A. Sustained competitive advantage B. Time-based competition C. Decentralization of the organization D. Coordination of mutual adjustment A 20. What designates those who take hands-on responsibility for creating innovation such as new ideas, products, or methods within an organization? Choose 1 answer A. Controller B. Pacesetter C. Intrapreneur D. Franchiser C X 21. Why is innovation an important element of entrepreneurship? Choose 1 answer A. Allows the company to meet industry benchmarks B. Creates unique and different products or services C. Buffers the impact of changes in the legal environmentD. Reduces marketing costs for the company X A X 22. Most successful entrepreneurs exhibit certain characteristics. Some entrepreneurs are open-minded, able to learn quickly, and skilled at conceptualizing. Which entrepreneurial personality trait is this? Choose 1 answer A. Competitive intelligence B. Tolerance of risk, ambiguity, and uncertainty C. Creativity, self-reliance, and ability to adapt D. Opportunity obsession X A 23. Which personality characteristics are believed to contribute to an entrepreneur's success? Choose 1 answer A. Status quo obsession B. Risk aversion C.Determination D. Motivation to delegate C 24. Why would an entrepreneurial business choose to use its own resources versus seeking outside resources in financing a business venture? Choose 1 answer A. To go public B. To spread the risk C. To maintain contr ol D. To fuel large growth C 25. Which activity should management use to encourage intrapreneurship within an organization? Choose 1 answer A. Motivate employees by giving extra time off B. Encourage employees to work on informal job assignments C. Provide employees extra training opportunities D. Allow employees to form a unionB X 26. What can managers do to encourage useful conflict during a meeting to lessen inhibition about disagreeing and make the conflict less personal? Choose 1 answer A. Involve others in collaboration B. Promote affective conflict C. Provide a devil's advocate D. Evaluate leadership style X C 27. Why is consideration of intentions important in conflict situations? Choose 1 answer A. People have habitual patterns of response to conflict situations. B. People tend to think before they act in some situations. C. Selfish intentions of people often leads to poor decision making. D.People respond based on their interpretation of others' intentions. D 28. What desc ribes dimensions of conflict-handling intentions? Choose 1 answer A. Comparativity and associativity B. Cooperativeness and assertiveness C. Collaboration and aggressiveness D. Competitiveness and acquiescence B X 29. A supervisor assigned office space to three new employees. The employees were upset by the offices they were given. The first had a large office but wanted a window, the second had a new computer but wanted room for some plants, and the third had a window but needed high-speed computing to perform the job well.Which conflict resolution technique can the supervisor use to create a win-win solution for these employees? Choose 1 answer A. Expansion of resources B. Problem solving C. Altering the human variables D. Authoritative command X B 30. A corporation is experiencing dysfunction in their work teams. The team leader plans to realign work groups based on employees' work locations, and also to alter rules and regulations in the groups and make additional changes to â⠂¬Å"shake things up a bit. † Which conflict-stimulation technique is the team leader applying? Choose 1 answer A. Knowledge managementB. Restructuring the organization C. Avoidance D. Communication B X 31. Which type of control system is being implemented when management uses prices, profit centers, and exchange relationships as a control? Choose 1 answer A. Bureaucratic control B. Market control C. Clan control D. Dynamic control X A 32. What is the fourth step of the control process which ensures that operations are adjusted to achieve planned results? Choose 1 answer A. Setting performance standards B. Taking corrective action C. Comparing performance against standards D. Measuring performance B X 33.A corporation recently disbanded its flex time schedule for employees and now requires that all employees work 9:00 a. m. to 6:00 p. m. Monday through Friday. The employees banded together in opposition of the change. What were the employees of the corporation experiencing? Cho ose 1 answer A. Apathy B. Peer pressure C. Abilene paradox D. Timing X C X 34. The manager of the human resources department at a corporation agreed to authorize one-hour lunch breaks for all employees of the organization as long as the production manager agreed to shorten the morning and afternoon breaks of all employees to 15 minutes.Which approach were the managers using to enlist cooperation for the change? Choose 1 answer A. Education and communication B. Participation and involvement C. Negotiation and reward D. Facilitation and support X D X 35. A corporation offers concrete incentives such as higher wages for cooperation with change. Which strategy is the corporation using to overcome resistance to change? Choose 1 answer A. Participation and involvement B. Education and communication C. Negotiation and reward D. Facilitation and support X A 36. During a final job interview, the hiring manager asks candidates about age and national origin.Some of the rejected candidates susp ect they did not get the job because of their age. Which law covers this type of discrimination? Choose 1 answer A. Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) B. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) C. Fair Hiring of Employees Act (FHEA) D. Employment Without Boundaries (EWB) A 37. After a major budget increase, a company finds itself in a position to hire 50 new employees. How can strategic human resource planning benefit the company in this situation? Choose 1 answer A. By initiating termination interviews to release unproductive employees B. By coordinating companywide continuing educationC. By providing annual reviews of staff performances D. By organizing staffing needs and looking for people with the right skills D 38. In the five dimensions of Hackman and Oldham's model of job design, what does autonomy describe? Choose 1 answer A. Information about job performance B. Different job activities involving several skills and talents C. Independence and discretion in making decisions D. Important and positive impact on the lives of others C 39. A store that has had a high rate of employee theft wants to use an employee selection technique to hire new employees who are less likely to steal from them.Which type of employee selection instrument is most appropriate in this situation? Choose 1 answer A. Validity test B. Reliability test C. Integrity test D. Personality test C 40. Which entities protect the rights of employees and potential employees from discrimination in the workplace? Choose 1 answer A. Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action B. Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure and Labor Management Relations C. Fair Labor Standards and Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification D. National Labor Relations and Labor Management Relations A X 41.During an international executive meeting, an executive used a word that did not translate into English. What type of cross-cultural communication barrier is this? Choose 1 answer A. Barrier caused by word association B. Barrier caused by tone differences C. Barrier caused by differences among perceptions D. Barrier caused by semantics X C 42. A younger employee becomes irritated by the sound of an older employee's voice and finds it difficult to work on projects with the older employee. This has caused conflict in the department. What is the source of conflict between the older and younger employees?Choose 1 answer A. Differing values B. Personal variables C. Communication D. Structure B 43. In which situation does religious preference inappropriately affect decision making? Choose 1 answer A. A member of a particular religion starts a business that benefits members of the religion in the area. B. Management provides two religious holidays per year for every employee regardless of religious affiliation. C. A publicly-held company has a policy limiting financial donations to one religious group. D. Management approves a religious endorsement that makes claims the company supports. C X 44.A visually-impaired person has been hired to work in the human resources department of a small company. Which workplace accommodations would be reasonable in this situation? Choose 1 answer A. The company will provide an interpreter for all face-to-face interviews. B. The company will purchase a large computer screen and a Braille keyboard. C. The company will hire a person to read all documents for the visually-impaired person. D. The company will purchase a Braille reader and convert company documents to Braille. X C 45. What is a common component of effective diversity training programs? Choose 1 answerA. Building awareness B. Revealing concerns C. Identifying informal networks D. Completing a skills inventory A X 46. When selecting an organizational structure, which key elements should be considered? Choose 1 answer A. Diversity and dynamics B. Economics and ethics C. Job specification and segmentation D. Differentiation and integration X A 47. What is the best way to succe ed in a matrix organizational structure? Choose 1 answer A. Centralized decision making B. Collaboration C. Unity of command D. Top-down communication B 48. What is a reason to create a boundaryless organizational structure?Choose 1 answer A. To make information available as needed B. To limit the amount of collaboration C. To differentiate position titles D. To allow for the delegation of tasks A X 49. Four small, independent organizations, each with its own type of expertise, plan to work together for six months for the sole purpose of developing a new product that will help each of them improve their ability to compete with larger organizations. Which type of organization does their relationship characterize? Choose 1 answer A. Matrix organization B. Functional organization C. Bureaucratic organizationD. Virtual organization X B X 50. Which formal structure allows job holders to have broad responsibilities, accommodates decentralized and informal decision making, and values exper tise? Choose 1 answer A. Modern B. Flexible C. Organic D. Mechanistic X B 51. One manager is responsible for all functional areas allowing the company to sell Product A, and another manager is responsible for all functional areas that allow the company to sell Product B. Which type of design does this corporation use? Choose 1 answer A. Network B. Horizontal C. Divisional D. Virtual C