Essay about Jazz Styles in America - 1905 Words

Jazz Styles in America Jazz music has been a part of America for many centuries. It has influenced many time periods and ways of life in America. Tin Pan Alley was a real alley on East Fourteenth Street near Third (in New York), but it was never just a place. Tin Pan Alley has come to be known for an era of songwriting when many musical ideas mixed together to form American popular music. Tin Pan Alley brought together many styles: blues, jazz, musical scores, and ragtime (Burton Lane qtd. In Tin Pan Alley). What are the various jazz styles? Not only has jazz affected people and time periods, but it has also affected places. The popularity of jazz in America is attributed to the various styles, which are indicative of†¦show more content†¦Although one man may enjoy one type of music, another man could hate it. It can be frustrating to try to persuade skeptics that musicians they do not like make real music. Many people have these feelings toward rap and hip-hop. The result of jazz fusing together with hip-hop may, by association, help to enhance the cultural significance of rap. If the people do not understand rap after this, they never will (Farley 51). Fusion is back, although it never really went away, as the many millions of Kenny G. fans would prove. In the 1960s, many jazz musicians found themselves marginalized by rock and soul. Then, in 1970, Miles Davis received the first gold record of his life for Bitches Brew, a sonic eye opener that experimented with electric instruments and rock and funk rhythms. A whole generation of musicians was squandering its talents on an increasingly vapid, yet profitable jazz, which came to be known as fusion. Known today as smooth jazz, fusion continued to thrive. It even has its own Billboard chart (Handy 25). Extremely too many styles of jazz exist to name all of them. One of the most common types of jazz is swing. Swing emerged during the early 1930s and emphasized big bands. It spilled into the late 1940s and the n remained popular in recordings, film, and television music long after its main proponents had disbanded. Most swingShow MoreRelatedThe Beginning of Jazz and the Effects Early Jazz Had in the 1920s860 Words   |  4 PagesJazz could be what describes America to a â€Å"T† in the 1920s. It was very popular throughout the entire decade of the 1920s. This era was called â€Å"The Jazz Age†, which was a term coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald (Campbell 52). It not only affected music, but it also contributed to an entire cultural renaissance in Harlem, brought other cultural groups together in a time of segregation, and the lifestyle of many Americans throughout the 1920s. Jazz would be the mold for everything American in the 1920sRead MoreThe Music Of Jazz Music1353 Words   |  6 PagesTo define jazz music, one must scroll through the lexicon of words associated with the sound of jazz to come up with a description of the art form. Words such as smooth, cool, nice, swingin g, and jazzy describe the art form. However, because of the vague definition of its sound, there is no one true definition of the art form. Jazz is an art form that cannot be restrained. Jazz is like watching Michael Jordan go up for an ordinary slam dunk, but in midair, he changes his mind to do something completelyRead MoreThe Jazz : A Music Genre1078 Words   |  5 PagesName: Sofia Endara Research Paper Jazz The Jazz is a music genre that was developed from the traditions of West Africa, Europe and North America. It arises specifically in New Orleans, Louisiana, home of musical style, where was a large consignments of slaves, mainly western Africa. That is why the jazz comes from the combination of three traditions: the native American, African and European. The African-American community in South America developed its musical expression through creative improvisationRead MoreThe History and Influence of Jazz in America Essay example852 Words   |  4 PagesJazz is consider one of the most influential types of music an America History. Some of the greatest artist in the world have contribute to the success jazz have had not only on America History but throughout the world. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from and the effect it has had on the America Culture. Meltingpot.fortuecity.com states the in the 1930’s and 1940’s jazz was at it all time highest. Although it is unclear when jazz first started some believe jazzRead MoreEssay on Jazz Ken Burns1444 Words   |  6 PagesJazz by Ken Burns â€Å"JAZZ† is a documentary by Ken Burns released 2001 that focuses on the creation and development of jazz, America’s â€Å"greatest cultural achievement.† The first episodes entitled, â€Å"Gumbo, Beginnings to 1917† and â€Å"The Gift (1917-1924), explain the early growth of jazz as it originates in New Orleans and its expands to Chicago and New York during the Jazz Age. In assessing the first two episodes of Ken Burns 2001 documentary, JAZZ, this essay will explore the history of jazz,Read MoreJazz Influences on the 20th Century1158 Words   |  5 PagesJazz Influence on the 20th Century Jazz is considered one of the most influential types of music in American history. Some of the greatest artists in the world have contributed to the success jazz has had not only on American history, but throughout the world. Jazz music has come to serve as the base of many music styles in the United States. This paper will explain the history of jazz, where it all came from, and the effect it has had on the American culture in the 20th century. ToRead MoreEssay on Ragtime and Blues Influence on Jazz1377 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 14, 2011 Seeing Ragtime and Blues as Parents of Jazz Jazz is a music genre that has complex characteristics and history of development and thus many musicians and scholars face troubles in defining what jazz is. In general, jazz is believed to have born in New Orleans. Jazz developed for the pleasure of the social dancers. According to the â€Å"Understanding Jazz: What Is Jazz?† of John F. Kennedy center for the Performing Arts, Jazz was created mainly by Afro-Americans, and had elements ofRead MoreFamous Jazz Saxophonist And Educator Ahmad Alaadeen925 Words   |  4 PagesFamous jazz saxophonist and educator Ahmad Alaadeen once said â€Å"Jazz does not belong to one race or culture, but is a gift that America has given the world.† Jazz is a style of music that everyone knows and loves. It is a style that’s both smooth and sharp, a style that created words such as â€Å"cool† and â€Å"nice†. A style who has roots as old as time, and helps shape music we love and here today. Jazz draws form styles such as blues, folk, marches, ragtime. From contributors such as Scott Joplin, CharlesRead MoreThe Evolution And Impact Of Jazz Dance On The World864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution and Impact of Jazz Dance On The World Jazz dance originated from the African American vernacular dance from the late 1800’s when slaves needed an emotional and physical outlet (Guarnino and Oliver). The slave trade had begun and the slaves were allowed dance on the boats, as it was to keep the slaves fit for their journey to North America. The slave owners took interest in this type of dance (Guarnino and Oliver). They then integrated their European jigs with the music and movementRead MoreRoaring Twenties in American Society After World War I. Essay645 Words   |  3 Pageslasted from 1914 -1918, but America did not become involved until 1917. After World War I, American society changed greatly. A new era, the Roaring Twenties, found its way in America along with the arrival of the flappers (Roaring). Americans were introduced to new fashion styles, the prohibition and the Jazz Age (Fashion, Jazz). Controversy proved to be very prominent with the Scopes Trial (Scopes). As the war came to a close, the Roaring Twenties made its way into America. This time period brought

Islam and the West in the Middle Ages - 838 Words

In Samuel Huntington’s thesis, Clash of Civilizations, he describes the post-Cold War world as one that would now base its conflicts on people’s culture and religion. As among one of his few reasons why civilizations will clash, Huntington explains that these religious conflicts will come about because of the ideals of Islam and Christianity where they are willing to kill people who do not convert because each believes that only they have the correct religion. He also mentions that the introduction of technology and shifts in the world economy will contribute to the reasons for civilizations to clash. Because of the technological advancements, people now have a greater ability to move freely around the world are therefore more capable of reaching each other and spreading their ideals globally. These are also the reasons why there were so many conflicts between the Muslins and the Christians throughout the middle ages in the Middle East and in Spain. Just as Huntington p redicts that modern day war will be a result of the aforementioned reasons, Muslims and Christians fought against each other in the Middle Ages because of their unwillingness to compromise on the basic differences of their religion and culture, and because of the changing political and economical world. Huntington mentions that Islam and Christianity have ideals that forbid having a positive relation with other religions. For the Muslims, this played a large factor when they began their conquest of the MiddleShow MoreRelatedThe Middle East821 Words   |  4 Pagesorientalist idea of the Middle East. It represented the faulty equation of Islam= Muslim= Arab= terrorist or religious fanatics. From the image of the magazine cover, a man dressed in the Middle-East attire can be seen standing on what looks like a balcony with the landscape of the Middle-East in the background. The image in the background presented the Middle East as underdeveloped in an effective manner. The image in the foreground by the top right corner signified the Middle East as an oil-hoardingRead MoreIslams Influences on the Modern World1422 Words   |  6 PagesIslamic. Islam directly translates to â€Å"submission†. It is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion, as well as an empire, (which is focused in the Middle East and Northern Africa). Islam is currently the second most practiced religion globally. Throughout the Middles ages and the centuries leading up to them Islam was one of few lifestyles which encouraged culture, art and an open state of mind, making it a perfect breeding ground for scientific advancement and progression of the arts. Islam has sharedRead MoreWhile Generally, People Ai m For Truth In The Pursuit Of1540 Words   |  7 Pagesrelations on the production of knowledge in the case of the Middle East. To do so, the paper first reflects on the general manner in which power relations affect knowledge before proceeding to examine the case of the Middle East upon the colonial era of the British and French. Specifically, this paper argues that the power dynamics between the imperialist powers and the Middle East created a canon of beliefs centered around the superiority of the West over the East. Power relations lead to the distortionRead MoreThe Religions Of The Middle East934 Words   |  4 Pagesthousand years ago in the Middle East; then there is Christianity, the most popular religion in the world, which was founded shortly after the death of Christ; finally, there is Islam, the second most popular religion in the world, founded by the prophet Muhammed in the 7th century ACE. Islam has over one billion followers of the Islamic faith. Although it is one of the most popular religions in the world, many people do not know much about what Muslims, followers of Islam, believe in. 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Civil war inside Roman Empire cause Rome to decline and less could not protect itself. They were lots of invasions and warfare throughout the Early Middle AgesRead MoreEssay on The Sister Religions580 Words   |  3 PagesThe Sister Religions Judaism, Christianity and Islam are often referred to as sister religions because they are closely related. However, several pronounced differences tend to alienate the three over the course of history, inducing each to alternate between periods of persecution and tolerance, even to today. Age, founder, population of believers, culture of origin, documentation, and differing views on the Messiah all factor in determining the differences and similarities between theseRead MoreThe Middle East And West Perceive Each Other1158 Words   |  5 PagesHow the Middle East and West Perceive each other Followed by a year of continuous terror attacks by ISIS, riots over cartoon portrayals of the Prophet PBUH, and the ongoing war in Iraq and Afghanistan, many Muslims and Westerners know that they have developed bad relations these days. The media continuously portrays the Middle East as nation filled with terrorist whilst the West are portrayed as the nation that is trying to make peace. There have been so many misconceptions that have made both culturesRead MoreEssay about Sundiata1005 Words   |  5 Pageswant a taste of West African History Sundiata will give you exactly what you want and more. Sundiata was an interesting piece of literature to read. Unlike the previous two books we have read this semester I found this book much more simple. This book was much easier for me to comprehend and actually get into. This book exposed me not only to the West African history, but also a new religion. The story of Sundiata depicts the story of the foundation of the Mali Empire in West Africa. This storyRead MoreIslam And Western Imperialism In Islam998 Words   |  4 Pagesthe greatest impact on contemporary Islam. These encounters with Western powers influenced and shaped the Muslim world by introducing Islam to modernity. The Islamic world’s varied reaction to these challenges of modernity affects a wide range of issues in Islam today. To understand how the Muslim world reacted to Western influence, we must understand what they were reacting to. With the fall of the Ottoman Empire, European political ideas permeated the Middle East. Muslims were forced to respond

Change Management in Healthcare for Smaller -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChange Management in Healthcare for Smaller and Smarter. Answer: Introduction As the technology drives the pace of progress in healthcare and biomedical research, the thin line between medical science and engineering grows thinner. The use of computers and medical machines become faster, smaller and smarter, the medical industry has made advancements that make medical practice easier for healthcare professionals and better patient experiences in the healthcare system (Hollis et al., 2015). Change management is happening at a fast rate in healthcare system that is devoted to planning, organization and coordination of resources necessary for transition among individuals from current to future state in the healthcare organizations (Radnor, Holweg Waring, 2012). Medical technology is improving patient experiences and key drive for change in the healthcare organizations. For example, Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is the most able and skilled project that drive healthcare professionals to share patients data effectively and enhance patient safety for better heal th outcomes (Jensen, Jensen Brunak, 2012). Therefore, the following report involves the small-scale literature review and critical appraisal of articles under themes on changing patient experience using health technologies. Health technologies enhance self-care and self-monitoring among patients A review article by Lupton, (2013) is focused on the aspects of patients experiences and their engagement in self-care and self-monitoring via new digital media technologies. Patients become digitally engaged become active participants in self-care and self-monitoring. There is patient activation and development of bureaucratic model where patients are the representatives and effective managers having control of their health and healthcare services (Greene Hibbard, 2012). The author also highlighted the use of telemedicine as a form of active engagement of patients where it is a major part of healthcare delivery. Telemedicine encourages patients in self-monitoring of their medical conditions and as a result, reduction in healthcare visits and communication with healthcare providers through technologies rather than confronting face to face (Lin, 2012). The chances of readmissions are reduced due to self-monitoring and employment of technologies like video conferencing and wearable se nsors that record body functions like physical activity, respiration and heart rate (Mukhopadhyay, 2015). Patient monitoring via ingestible medications that are embedded with sensors sending signals to armbands and detecting heartbeat through wireless stethoscopes are at the heart of patient monitoring (Ringquist, 2013). From the review article, the question arises that whether these digital technologies can be incorporated in our daily life and can be remade through embodied use. Another review article by Lupton, (2013) illustrated the use of social media tools and digital devices like mobile and wearable bands offering new ways for measuring, monitoring and representation of bodily functions. These devices are capable of producing biometric data of individuals that can be used and shared. Digital devices promote self-tracking practices that can be used by patients in understanding the concepts of health, identity and embodiment (Woods et al., 2013). Digital technologies like mHealth technology provides patients an opportunity to monitor their health conditions (Whittaker, 2012). Mobile and wearable digital technologies in mHealth not only provide positive health experiences for the patients, it is also a way to communicate with public and monitor their behaviour in conducting health promotion programs using mobile devices (Kaplan Stone, 2013). As this article is a review, the author has incorporated his views and as a result, the review is biasness of the r eviewer. Archer et al., (2011) in their study stated that Electronic personal health record systems (PHRs) are patient-centered and support them by making health information accessible to them assisting self-management. The literature review studied on PHRs functionality, design, applications, benefits and outcomes illustrated that it plays a key role in patient health and support self-management allowing disease prevention and improvement in health outcomes. The However, the study requires further trails on PHRs in studying the sustainability and effectiveness for patient self-management as adoption rates are different because of varied adoption rates. Privacy and confidentiality is ensured using health technologies by patients A study was conducted using Health Information Privacy Questionnaire (HIPQ) (before-after survey) to study physicians and patients experiences of sharing EHRs (Perera et al., 2011). The main findings showed that more than 90% of participants agreed that using EHRs enhanced privacy and confidentiality while sharing patient information for clinical purposes. Patients experiences on using EHRs are that there is less privacy loss and better use of health information by the clinicians (Goldzweig et al., 2013). The strength of the study is that it is one of the largest surveys conducted to view the physicians and patients experiences while using EHRs on privacy. The study can be generalized to other populations like people with diabetes and population using EMRs. The results showed that patients greatly embraced the benefits of EMRs in terms of integrating, sharing and evaluation of information involved in direct care. However, the paper has certain limitations and research gap for future studies as study did not clarify that those people who were unwilling to share data lack trust on EHR or want control over it or unaware of the benefits and harms of sharing information. Health technologies support patients and make them informed and active participants in healthcare In an article by Lupton, (2014) it illustrated that the digital experience of patients is phenomenal that provides them a platform to share their experiences and benefit from it. Patients gain knowledge, become informed about their health condition, and take an active part in the healthcare decisions. This big data use in the medical technology support patients by providing them an online platform for better development of medical treatments and healthcare services and conducting research (Raghupathi Raghupathi, 2014). Online sharing networks support patients in the form of sharing information and engaging them in clinical decisions by becoming active members in healthcare services (Chung, 2014). In the article, the author argued well that there is a configuration where patients who they are digitally engaged (patient assemblage) and digitised patient experiences (data assemblage) being the most recent form of digital technologies in the medical field. These assemblages configure to gether that enact and there emerges digital patient experience economy. This big data accumulation in the digital data technology is an innovative way for the healthcare system making patients more informed and economically efficient in receiving medical treatment. The article provided limited information on how understanding of concepts of health, self-care, expert and lay knowledge and doctor-patient relationship shape the digital technologies in the medical field. As the source of information was an article and no such research design and methods are explained in the paper, its validity is questioned. In an article by Ahern et al., (2011) the use of healthcare technologies by patients have meaningful uses improving healthcare quality, patient safety and population health. Patient-facing technologies play an important role in supporting them and make them more informed and active members in the healthcare decisions. There is also enhanced self-management, health, satisfaction, improved healthcare quality, patient safety and overall increase in healthcare system (LeRouge et al., 2013). Patients are better informed about their health conditions and quick in seeking healthcare services via digital healthcare technologies (Kumar et al., 2013). However, the research gap and future aspects lies in identifying the most useful and effective technology for the patients for better health outcomes. Another study by Woods et al., (2013) also stated that patients who use medical health records take active participation in their health and clinical decision-making. From the results, four themes were characterized for patient experiences using health records. There was positive and effective communication of patients with health providers. Enhanced knowledge among patients with improved self-care and proactive role in self-management, better follow-ups and active participation in decision-making was also observed in patients using EHRs. This research study was the first qualitative study of experiences of veteran patients using EHRs that included test results and clinical notes. This study is also important as its main findings have potential implications for EHRs development. There is need for further studies to evaluate the overall impact of clinical health records on workload that likely to change their experiences necessitating new communication skills while interacting with pa tients. Health technology usage by patients results in increase of clinical services In a retrospective cohort study by Palen et al., (2012) for the assessment of online health care utilization by patients via health records illustrated that there was increased use of clinical services as compared to group members who did not have online health record access. The main outcome of this study was that there were increased rates of telephone encounters, office visits, emergency departments, after-hours clinical visits and hospitalizations among online medical health record users as compared to non-users. The study was significant as there was increase in medical services like e-mail communication with clinicians and in-person clinical services as expected as compared to previous studies. The findings were consistent among age groups and can be generalized to populations without chronic health conditions as variability was found among medical health users who were suffering from chronic illness using telemedicine for monitoring. The research gap is this study is that it l acks information regarding why patients seek online medical health records subsequently and whether this use affects their health outcomes or not. Cost and benefit of online health services also need to be evaluated along with evaluation of clinical decisions. Conclusion For the above literature review, it is evident that healthcare technologies is on the horizon providing positive health outcomes for patients with better health experiences. Telehealth, EMRs and big data have facilitated better heath exchange information and effective communication between patients and providers. There is ensured privacy, patients acting as proactive participants in healthcare and self-management, self-care and increased use of clinical services as themes deduced from literature review. Although, patients experiences have enhanced by using health technologies, there is need for its incorporation in everyday life and awareness among individuals in using health technologies for better health outcomes. References Ahern, D. K., Woods, S. S., Lightowler, M. C., Finley, S. W., Houston, T. K. (2011). Promise of and potential for patient-facing technologies to enable meaningful use.American journal of preventive medicine,40(5), S162-S172. Archer, N., Fevrier-Thomas, U., Lokker, C., McKibbon, K. A., Straus, S. E. (2011). Personal health records: a scoping review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,18(4), 515-522. Chung, J. E. (2014). Social networking in online support groups for health: how online social networking benefits patients.Journal of health communication,19(6), 639-659. Goldzweig, C. L., Orshansky, G., Paige, N. M., Towfigh, A. A., Haggstrom, D. A., Miake-Lye, I., ... Shekelle, P. G. (2013). Electronic patient portals: evidence on health outcomes, satisfaction, efficiency, and attitudesa systematic review.Annals of internal medicine,159(10), 677-687. Greene, J., Hibbard, J. H. (2012). Why does patient activation matter? An examination of the relationships between patient activation and health-related outcomes.Journal of general internal medicine,27(5), 520-526. Hollis, C., Morriss, R., Martin, J., Amani, S., Cotton, R., Denis, M., Lewis, S. (2015). Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution.The British Journal of Psychiatry,206(4), 263-265. Jensen, P. B., Jensen, L. J., Brunak, S. (2012). Mining electronic health records: towards better research applications and clinical care.Nature Reviews Genetics,13(6), 395-405. Kaplan, R. M., Stone, A. A. (2013). Bringing the laboratory and clinic to the community: mobile technologies for health promotion and disease prevention a.Annual Review of Psychology,64, 471-498. Kumar, S., Nilsen, W. J., Abernethy, A., Atienza, A., Patrick, K., Pavel, M., ... Hedeker, D. (2013). Mobile health technology evaluation: the mHealth evidence workshop.American journal of preventive medicine,45(2), 228-236. LeRouge, C., Ma, J., Sneha, S., Tolle, K. (2013). User profiles and personas in the design and development of consumer health technologies.International journal of medical informatics,82(11), e251-e268. Lin, C. F. (2012). Mobile telemedicine: A survey study.Journal of medical systems,36(2), 511-520. Lupton, D. (2013). Quantifying the body: monitoring and measuring health in the age of mHealth technologies.Critical Public Health,23(4), 393-403. Lupton, D. (2013). The digitally engaged patient: Self-monitoring and self-care in the digital health era.Social Theory Health,11(3), 256-270. Lupton, D. (2014). The commodification of patient opinion: the digital patient experience economy in the age of big data.Sociology of health illness,36(6), 856-869. Mukhopadhyay, S. C. (2015). Wearable sensors for human activity monitoring: A review.IEEE sensors journal,15(3), 1321-1330. Palen, T. E., Ross, C., Powers, J. D., Xu, S. (2012). Association of online patient access to clinicians and medical records with use of clinical services.Jama,308(19). Perera, G., Holbrook, A., Thabane, L., Foster, G., Willison, D. J. (2011). Views on health information sharing and privacy from primary care practices using electronic medical records.International journal of medical informatics,80(2), 94-101. Radnor, Z. J., Holweg, M., Waring, J. (2012). Lean in healthcare: the unfilled promise?.Social science medicine,74(3), 364-371. Raghupathi, W., Raghupathi, V. (2014). Big data analytics in healthcare: promise and potential.Health information science and systems,2(1), 3. Ringquist, L. (2013) Re-admissions: Is telehealth the answer?, [Online] Retrieved from: https://www.bhmpc.com/2013/04/re-admissions-is-telehealth-the-answer/, Accessed on 16 April 2017. Whittaker, R. (2012). Issues in mHealth: findings from key informant interviews.Journal of medical Internet research,14(5). Woods, S. S., Schwartz, E., Tuepker, A., Press, N. A., Nazi, K. M., Turvey, C. L., Nichol, W. P. (2013). Patient experiences with full electronic access to health records and clinical notes through the My HealtheVet Personal Health Record Pilot: qualitative study.Journal of medical Internet research,15(3).

Westward Expansion free essay sample

In 1 853, the Sadden Purchase added about 30,000 square miles of Mexican rewriter to the United States and fixed the boundaries of the lower 48 where they are today. In 1 845, a journalist named John Sullivan put a name to the idea that helped pull many pioneers toward the western frontier. Westward migration was an essential part of the republican project, he argued, and it was Americans manifest destiny, to carry the great experiment of liberty to the edge of the continent: to overspread and to possess the whole of the [land] which Providence has given us, Sullivan wrote.The survival of American freedom depended on it. Westward Expansion and Slavery Meanwhile, the question of whether or not slavery would be allowed in the new western States shadowed every conversation about the frontier. In 1 820, the Missouri Compromise had attempted to resolve this question: It had admitted Missouri to the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, preserving the fragile balance in Congress. We will write a custom essay sample on Westward Expansion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More important, it had stipulated that in the future, slavery would be prohibited north of the southern boundary of Missouri (the 36030 parallel) in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase.However, the Missouri Compromise did not apply to new territories that were not part of the Louisiana Purchase, and so the issue of slavery continued to fester as the nation expanded. The Southern economy grew increasingly dependent on King Cotton and the system of forced labor that sustained it. Meanwhile, more and more Northerners came to believed that the expansion of slavery impinged upon their own liberty, both as citizens-the pro-slavery majority in Congress did not seem to represent their interests-?and as yeoman farmers.They did not necessarily object to slavery itself, but they assented the way its expansion seemed to interfere with their own economic opportunity. Westward Expansion and the Mexican War Despite this sectional conflict, Americans kept on migrating West in the years after the Missouri Compromise was adopted. Thousands of people crossed the Rockies to the Oregon Territory, which belonged to Great Britain, and thousands more moved into the Mexican territories of California, New Mexico and Texas.In 1 837, American settlers in Texas joined with their Techno neighbors (Texans of Spanish origin) and won independence from Mexico. They petitioned to join the United States as a slave state. This promised to upset the careful balance that the Missouri Compromise had achieved, and the annexation of Texas and other Mexican territories did not become a political priority until the enthusiastically expansionist cotton planter James K. Polk was elected to the presidency in 1844.Thanks to the maneuvering of Polk and his allies, Texas joined the union as a slave state in February 1846; in June, after negotiations with Great Britain, Oregon joine d as a free state. That same month, Polk declared war against Mexico, claiming (falsely) that he Mexican army had invaded our territory and shed American blood on American soil. The war proved to be relatively unpopular, in part because many Northerners objected to what they saw as a war to expand the slaveholder. In 1846, Pennsylvania Congressman David Willow attached a proviso to a war-appropriations bill declaring that slavery should not be permitted in any part of the Mexican territory that the U. S. Might acquire. Willows measure failed to pass, but it made explicit once again the sectional conflict that haunted the process of westward expansion. Westward Expansion and the Compromise of 1 850 In 1 848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican War and added more than 1 million square miles, an area larger than the Louisiana Purchase, to the united States. The acquisition of this land re-opened the question that the Missouri Compromise had ostensibly settled: What would be the status of slavery in new American territories? After two years of increasingly volatile debate over the issue, Kentucky Senator Henry Clay proposed another compromise. It had four parts: first, California would enter the Union as a free state; second, the status of slavery in the rest of the Mexican territory would e decided by the people who lived there; third, the slave trade (but not slavery) would be abolished in Washington, D.C. ; and fourth, a new Fugitive Slave Act would enable Southerners to reclaim runaway slaves who had escaped to Northern states where slavery was not allowed. Bleeding Kansas But the larger question remained unanswered. In 1854, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed that two new States, Kansas and Nebraska, be established in the Louisiana Purchase west of Iowa and Missouri. According to the terms of the Missouri Compromise, both new states would prohibit leaver because both were north of the 36030 parallel.