LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE Essay

LEARNING LOG AND COMPREHENSIVE ACTION PLAN FOR CHANGE - Essay Example this change would result in positive personal and professional growth and in enhancing interpersonal relationships with diverse people from various walks of life. If I did not change these areas, it would affect personal and career growth as problems and conflicts need resolution to avoid negative outcomes. Self-Reflection: The concepts focusing on one’s ability to assess personality, attitude, and emotional intelligence are relevant as these affects all facets of relating with other people. The lessons learned from this section would assist in one’s interpersonal relationships in various situations by acknowledgement of personal strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a journey in self-awareness provided me with the opportunity to gauge the areas I am strong in and to address those that need improvement. Responses to Reflection Questions: I think that feedback is a necessary element in all communication processes. Self-disclosure however is given only in appropriate situations and to people one completely trusts. Trust should be earned and could not be assumed that all people are trustworthy. Honestly, I am not comfortable with self-disclosure because it exposes aspects of one’s self that could be prone to criticisms. Trusting others should only be practiced when trust has been earned. It is therefore more difficult to disclose oneself rather than learn to trust others. Since I am more apprehensive to disclose oneself to others than to trust other people, then, I welcome feedback more from others; rather than me giving feedback to people that I know would hurt them or betray their trust in me. I have established complete trust to my family and close friends and the relationship is symbiotic; therefore, the relationship has been bonded through trust and self-disclosure. To enh ance relationships with friends, my weakness in self-disclosure could be slowly addressed to be more open to them and to communicate what needs to be addressed. If I am more willing to

Jacobite opposition to the Whig Oligarchy Essay Example for Free

Jacobite opposition to the Whig Oligarchy Essay Why was Jacobite opposition to the Whig Oligarchy so unsuccessful between 1714-60 The Jacobites were a British group who repeatedly tried to reinstate the old Stuart kings onto the English throne, as opposed to the Protestant monarchy that began in 1689. From 1714-60 parliament was dominated by the Whig party, to the detriment of the pro-Jacobite Tories. There were many Jacobite attempts in this period to overthrow this Whig oligarchy and the kings that supported it. P Monod attributes the failure of the Jacobites to a lack of leadership and inadequate military forces. J Stephenson, on the other hand, argues that a lack of foreign and domestic support for the old stuart monarchy is the predominant reason for the lack of success of the Jacobites. This essay will examine the four main factors that are cited as the reasons for the failure of Jacobites poor leadership, weak military, little foreign support, declining domestic support and will evaluate which one of them is the most important. The Jacobites that they never had adept leaders. Jacobite officers were normally of Scottish brethren, with little experience of warfare. Furthermore, as they were Scottish, they did not know the territory when they entered England. This is considered by Monod as one of the reasons for their failure to sustain themselves upon exit of Scotland. The best attempts at Stuart restoration were the rebellions of 1715 and 1745. However, both of these are characterised by poor leadership. In the 15 the commander of the Jacobite army was the Earl of Mar. He raised the Jacobite flag too early, before the army was prepared and, at the Battle of Sherifmuir, failed to take advantage of his victory and the 3:1 ratio of forces, instead allowing the British battalions to retreat and regroup. On top of this, James Francis Stuart, the Pretender King, was absent from the rebellion. Thus, the Jacobites were without their inspirational figurehead. The rebellion of the 45 endured similar problems, despite having their true leader, Bonnie Prince Charlie present. Having successfully driven down to Derby, instead of marching for London, the Jacobites fled to Scotland, allowing the British to regroup and pursue them. The issue of poor leadership was compounded by the inherent weakness of the Jacobite forces. They were predominantly comprised of Scottish highlanders, and anyone else that wished to join them, normally farmers. The men had little, if any, fighting experience and had never been trained in combat. Furthermore, they were poorly equiped, relying on homemade and captured weapons. The force was usually small, at its largest during the 45 when it reached 12 000 men. This is contrast to the British armies that were defending London. Although, they were slow to react to both rebellions, they were far superior when they engaged the Jacobites in combat. In 1715, the British army had just emerged victorious from the War of Spanish Succession. After famous victories, such as Blenhim, it became known as one of the most formidable fighting forces in Europe. It was large and well trained. Moreover, the Jacobite armies were hampered by internal divisions. The bulk of their men came from highland clans which were historically opposed. Many refused to fight with each other. This problem was particularly present in the rebellion of 45. The Jacobite cause had little hope when it was so weak in the face of such strong opposition. In Britain and Scotland the Jacobites support for the Jacobites was slight, waning further during the period. While Scotland may have been very pro-Jacobite in 1714, the Jacobite influence influence decreased radically until 1760. This is largely down to the fact that the people were forgetting the reasons for their hatred of the British crown. The Glencoe Massacre of 1690 was soon moved into oblivion. Memories of the stuart kings faded as Britain enjoyed peace and prosperity under Hanoverian rule. Lastly, the benefits of Union with England became more apparent as Scotland grew economically and was less heavily taxed than before. In England itself, followers of the Jacobites were always few and far between, only decreasing in the period until 1760. England had always been very anti-Stuart, accusing James II and his predecessors of despotism. Thus, the Glorious Revolution of 1689 was welcomed by the majority of the population. The support that had come from the Tory party also wavered. This was because, after their defeat in the 1714 election, they were keener to rebuild politically than waste time on what was considered a hopeless task. This was compounded by the fact that two Tory leaders, Oxford and Bolingbroke were impeached in the run up to the Jacobite rebellion of 1715 and because Jacobitism grew to be associated with treason. The Jacobites could never rely on foreign support. Louis XIV had originally pledged his allegiance to James Francis Stuart, proclaiming him as King of England and promising resources. However, the loss of the War of Spanish Succession, and the subsequent acknowledgement of the Hanoverian succession, esnsured France would not, and could not, fund the Jacobites for a very long time. This was reinforced by the Anglo-French Entente of the 1720s, whereby Walpole and Fleury were keen to maintain the peace. The French did promote the Jacobites in the run-up to the 45, with a 15 000 invasion force at Dunkirk ready to embark for England. However, poor weather and the War of Austrian Succession diverted the troops. Similarly in 1719, a Spanish fleet was ready to set sail for England, in support of the Jacobites, only to be stopped by a storm. Few other European nations were willing to fund the Jacobites. Seeing it as an worthless cause that would just bring unnecessary aggression from Britain, the pre-eminent power in Europe. The lack of foreign support was no doubt significant, as a large, well-supplied army was never received in Britain. However, even with the absence of this, the Jacobite rebellions drove deep into Britain. Similarly, the claim that Jacobite leaders were inept, while maybe true, does not fully explain the failure of the rebellions. The armies still enjoyed many victories and the British were often commanded by similarly worthless men. The inadequacy of the troops and the lack of domestic support are the most significant explanations for the failure of the Jacobites. Against such a strong British army, the Jacobites had little hope of victory. Linked to this, is the lack of pro-Jacobite people in Britain. This was an underlying reason for the small number of people that would join the rebellion and further ensured that both times the revolts extended into England, they petered out due to the prevalent hostility of the people.

drugs in sports :: essays research papers fc

From the beginning of time sports have been around. It is the competition that everyone loves. The feeling of winning makes many people do anything to achieve it. Even if this means one must cheat to win. Cheating is monitored in professional sports by the use of referees or umpires. With the discovery of many â€Å"nutritional† supplements, many new forms of cheating have arisen that cannot be monitored on the field. Many players used and still use steroids to enhance their muscles so they are stronger during game play. Many random drug tests have been instituted to cut the number of people using steroids down. There are many other supplements that basically do the same thing as steroids that these players use. More and more are becoming illegal in professional sports. And people still use them. Illegal drugs to enhance one’s performance are illegal, therefore when people use them they are cheating. They have created an unfair advantage for themselves illegally. These people using these drugs should be banned from their sport. Professional sports players get paid to play a sport. What more could they want? It is every kids dream. It they cannot play with out cheating they should not have the privilidge of playing at all. There have been many cases in professional sports where athletes have been caught for using illegal drugs that enhance their performance. Often players even use illegal drugs that have no benefit on their performance. These drugs are illegal to everyone, but it seems that when professional athletes get caught using them they don’t get as harsh of a punishment as an average person because of their fame. Steve Howe received seven lifetime suspensions from Major League Baseball. For some reason that does not appear to be possible. If an average person was caught doing so they would be in jail. It is disappointing to see professional athletes receive special treatment because of their fame. They have a good profession; why would they risk it by using drugs?

Enemy of the State

In the movie Enemy of the State directed by Tony Scott, there is a political bias against having a powerful government. From the year 1998, which was when the movie was produced, technological development has exponentially increased at a rapid rate. The government has become more sophisticated within many administrations including the NSA or National Security Agency creating an elite system of gathering information, as well as upping security standards through surveillance. This has aroused fear in many American’s point of views on what this new â€Å"powerful† government is becoming.This is the prevailing ideal promoted within this movie. Exploitation of this growing federal power is sparking fear in regards to people’s concerns for keeping their constitutional rights, and personal safety. Furthermore, the notion of corruption of power within the federal system compounds the fear of the â€Å"weak† individual. Technology not only changes the way markets a nd businesses develop the economy, but can alter human’s social enviornment and interactions. This altering of human’s social characteristics is what is concerning.The NSA has ramped up their attempts on keeping the nation safe through the use of technology and many refer to one major example of this called the â€Å"Big Brother Policy. † This, metaphorically representing an actual big brother overseeing a little brother, enables the government to do many things in which privacy can be breached. This can be from tapping phone calls, retaining all of your medical history, billing information, birth certificate, and social security number to name a few. The idea of electronic surveillance All films are on reserve at the Fine Arts Library.Your job is not to merely summarize the film or to comment on whether or not the actors gave a fine performance or if the director did a good job. Instead, you are to discuss the sociological content of the film. Taking popular cu lture as pedagogical, consider the lessons that popular culture offers about the role of surveillance in society. As well, you could comment on the limits of this medium (film) as means of theorizing surveillance. Introduction In the introduction of your film review you are expected to highlight the main themes of the film.Here, there is no need to describe or summarize the entire film. Instead, focus on those aspects of the film that will be most relevant to your analysis. You will also need to state your thesis in this section. What will you be attempting to say in this film review? Your review will be only 3-4 pages, so please be concise. Body of the review This is the most important section of the review. Offering your opinion, whether or not you agree with the film, is not the same and cannot substitute for critical analysis.Instead, choose clearly defined issues to explore (e. g. , panoptic power, the role of the gaze, gender, race, the body, counter-surveillance, resistance, the role of confession, social discrimination) Remember that each paragraph must have a topic sentence. Do not make sweeping, general statements that you cannot substantiate. Instead, develop two or three points clearly and in detail. Use this section to explain further the points that you raise in your introduction. You could provide analysis of particular scenes from the film to substantiate your argument.As well, you could provide pertinent background information regarding the setting (temporal or what was occurring in ‘real life’ when the film was made and/or during the time that it is set in). Remember, your analysis must discuss the relevance of the film to the themes of the course. To do so, you could start by asking how technology figures in the film. Is it seen as productive or enabling, repressive, or as the inevitable part of some future? Taking technology in its instrumental sense as having the aim of altering the human environment (a technology could be a p en). What characters are agential subjects?Meaning, who has agency in the film? Does the film present a certain political bias? What assumptions does the film make in regards to privacy, the state, or the future? These are suggestions. You do not need to follow them. Conclusion Use this section to demonstrate that you have succeeded in writing what you set out in the introduction. The film Enemy of the plead is a conspiracy-thriller film released in 1998 by Touchstone Pictures and was directed by Tony Scott and written by David Marconi. The film uses a variety of cultural assumptions, attitudes, values and beliefs end-to-end to manipulate the viewers of the film into accepting them.Enemy of the State is found around the US Governments discussion agencies and politicians and their huge amount of power, technology and the conspiracies involved with their intelligence departments much(prenominal) as the National Security Agency (NSA). Robert doyen (Will Smith) a labour lawyer, who unkn owingly becomes involved in a establishment conspiracy when he receives a disc containing the characterisation of the writ of execution of Congressman Hammersly (Jason Robards). This is when Robert Deans life set downs to fall asunder; he loses his job, his family and all his money.Whilst on the run he meets a former government operative, Edward Lyle Brill (Gene Hackman) who then unwillingly befriends Dean and helps him to escape from the NSA. Brill becomes an antihero because of his unconventional methods, and because he is unlikeable, but is a protagonist in the end. In the film, Enemy of the State, there ar many cultural assumptions, values, beliefs stereotypes and attitudes presented throughout the film. One of the most essential values presented in this film is that of privacy, which conflicts with the governments want of safety.The film is based around the governments proposal to install video and audio devices throughout US households. This is for surveillance purposes, mainl y to rule out terrorism, but is as well as a major invasion of privacy. This is also the reason for the murder of Congressman Philip Hammersly, as he was impertinent to the idea and his vote could mean the cancelation of the bill. Because of this the audience are positioned where they begin to dislike the authority figures in this film, which then promotes Dean as the protagonist throughout the film, and becomes a more†¦

Economic Factors in the Decline of the Byzantine Empire

â€Å"Economic Factors in the Decline of the Byzantine Empire† In this article taken from The Journal of Economic History, Peter Charanis discusses the factors that economically affected the decline of the Byzantine Empire. His discussion is based on the fact that past scholars, such as English historian Edward Gibbon who wrote The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, thought the Byzantine Empire was in a constant state of decline throughout its existence, but he disagrees. He says that more recent scholars have found that it was, in fact, one of the great empires in history.He references to historians such as Fridtjof Nansen, author of L’Armenie et le proche Orient, who said that the Byzantine culture â€Å"is and will remain one of the most remarkable works of architecture, and if the Byzantine culture had created nothing but that, it would be sufficient to classify it among the greatest. † Charanis is convinced that most scholars today reject G ibbon’s theory, and this article discusses why he believes so. Because the Byzantine Empire endured for over a thousand years and was the center of civilization until the middle of the eleventh century, it could not be looked at as a constantly declining empire.According to Charanis, it preserved antiquity, developed new forms of art, and held back barbarians. Byzantium produced great soldiers, statesmen, diplomats, reformers, and scholars. It was also successful at spreading the gospel among pagan tribes. Charanis quotes Czech historian F. Dvornik who wrote Les Slaves byzance et Rome au IX saying Byzantium â€Å"molded the undisciplined tribes and made nations out of them; it gave to them its religion and institutions, taught their princes how to govern, transmitted to them he very principles of civilation – writing and literature. â€Å"Byzantium was a great power and a great civilizing force,† Charanis said. He believed that war and religion were the two pri ncipal factors that molded the society of the empire and determined its external position. Because war was a normal state during Byzantium’s thousand year existence, war was not a reason to believe that it was constantly declining. For example, in the seventh century, the Sarcens, Slavs, and Bulgars reduced the empire greatly, but the seventh century emperors reorganized the administration of the empire to cope with the situation at hand.In the eleventh century however, the empire was not as fortunate to recover from certain military reverses that occurred. There were disastrous defeats that they never fully recovered from, and this is what finally led to the beginning of their decline. One very important factor, according to Charinis’ sources such as Russian historians’ books and works, were the conditions the Manzikerts left the empire in. It had such a huge impact on the social and economic life of the empire, and this was the basis of its virtual disappearan ce.Byzantium relied so fully on the social and economic aspect of their culture, that an attack to this was fatal. The Manzikert military aristocracy was far from what the Byzantines were accustomed to, and caused the soldiery-peasantry to decline which was a large part of their state. Up until this point, emperors were able to rework the empire and reorganize things so that Byzantium could thrive, but after their â€Å"large estate†, which had been a huge party of their society, was attacked, it was almost impossible.Charanis believes that the aristocracy that was put in place in the eleventh century was also another large factor of decline. Instead of being a social and economic based empire, it was a military aristocracy. The soldiers were the holders of the military estates, and the aristocracy absorbed the estates of the peasants. The focus of the emperors was the happiness of the soldiers and not of the peasants, or all the other people in the empire, and this was also a large source of decline in Byzantium.Once the emperors of the eleventh century realized that this system was not working quite as well, they tried to create an anti-military policy, which consummated a depression in soldiers. This entire struggle that occurred after the seventh century caused the empire to participate in a series of civil wars affected its sources and manpower, according the Charanis. Other serious factors that caused the decline were the weakening of the central administration, the failure to enforce measures of protection for the soldiery-peasantry, and the grants of privileges made to the aristocracy.It has been said that another reason for their decline was the strict controls they placed on commerce and industry, but Charanis disagrees and says it is extremely doubtful that this was their weakness. He backs up this argument by saying that when those controls were most strictly enforced, was when their empire was at its greatest. He goes on to say that the per iod of the greatest decline is marked by the breakdown of these controls.Tenth century Byzantine emperor Romanus Lecapenus wrote in one of his novels that the extension of power to the strong and the depression of power to the many would â€Å"bring about the irreparable loss of the public good. † Charanis agrees with him saying that â€Å"His prediction had come true. The disappearance of the free peasantry, the increase in the wealth, privileges, and power of the aristocracy, and the consequent depression of the agrarian population constitute, I think, some of the principal factors in the decline of the Byzantine Empire. †Charanis’ evidence is clearly all there and cited, but it is somewhat difficult to understand his references. They’re numbered at the bottom and his numbers are meant to further explain certain points throughout the article. Another problem I have with his evidence is that they are mostly books written by foreign authors, and I canâ₠¬â„¢t read the titles. I believe that Charanis has clearly proven his point and thoroughly discussed his thesis; however, his argument was not extremely bold, because he is arguing one historian’s theory (Edward Gibbon), and agreeing with every other historian who believes the Byzantine Empire was great.His argument was more fact-based, and proven through certain points of notoriety throughout the existence of the empire, and his presentation of these points seemed unorganized. In fact I found the organization of this article to be somewhat confusing. He seemed to jump around from century to century and fact to fact. I believe it would have been much more efficiently written if he had discussed the certain centuries of the empire in chronological order. This also would have more effectively shown the factors that led up to the decline of the Byzantine Empire.Instead he jumped around discussing things that related to the factors, but not thoroughly discussing what order the th ings happened and why one led to the next. Charanis did not raise new questions in his argument. He simply argued Gibbon’s theory, and used other historians to back his argument up. In fact, most of the historians that Charanis used as references were quite old, for example, Fridtjof Nansen, a Norwegian author from 1928. No recent authors or suggestions were raised from Charanis’ article.I think that overall this article offered some very thorough and credible information about the decline of the Byzantine Empire, but since his original argument was that Gibbon was wrong, he should have used more examples of historians that supported Gibbons theory and argued their points as well. Though he had many historians to back up his argument, his thesis mentioned Gibbon. He definitely proved his point and listed many factors that caused the decline of the Byzantine Empire, but I would have liked to see less confusing organization and newer information that supported his argume nt.

Secondary Mortgage Market and Securitizations Essays - Finance

Secondary Mortgage Market and Securitizations Essays - Finance Secondary Mortgage Market and Securitizations One topic that was brought up a good amount in class was the difference between predatory and subprime lending. They are different because predatory lending is purposely harmful to the borrower while subprime lending is lending to someone with less than good credit. The false representation that this essay will discuss is Goldman Sachs underwriting process during the time of their scandal. Underwriting is a big part in giving loans. This is because the underwriting guidelines are used to discern whether or not a person would be able to pay off a loan. When we specifically look at the case of Goldman Sachs, they more or less took out this whole process of underwriting and tried to play it off as if they hadn't. As found in the Statement of Facts, Goldman Sachs told investors that, "Certain loan originators applied underwriting guidelines that were intended primarily to assess the borrower's ability and, in some cases, willingness to repay the debt and the adequacy of the mortgage property as collateral for the loans". This statement reiterates how underwriting guidelines are used in assessing the borrower's ability to repay and a few other points like collateral if there would be a default. Such procedures regarding the underwriting guideline that Goldman stated that they abided by was the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA), state and federal predatory len ding, origination practices by jurisdiction, historical loan level loss experience and a few others. This specific representation that Goldman Sachs tried to play off can and should be considered predatory lending rather than subprime lending. This is because Goldman Sachs did not follow regulatory underwriting guidelines, and had the sole purpose to sell as many loans as possible to make more money. This will be further explained in the next paragraph. Also in the Statement of Facts is a quote saying that, "The securitization sponsor or originator (which, in many instances, was Goldman) represented that the loans had been originated in compliance with federal, state, and local laws and regulations." Goldman told investors that they had a process for reviewing and approving originators, when in fact they were the "originators" themselves. Again, we can see a trend of how Goldman Sachs implies that they are following regulations, when in fact, they are skipping these regulations to assume the image that their loans are above par so that more people will buy them. Goldman even went as far as to say that the originators were subject to Goldman's "counterparty qualification" process, which consists of many strict guidelines including Goldman having an on-site visit with the originator to review their goals, quality control and other variables. Overall, there were just so many lies about the underwriting process that was expressed to inv estors that could be considered predatory. By making their mortgage loans look as if they are securitized (even when they were subprime), Goldman Sachs was able to sell billions of dollars' worth of these residential-mortgage backed securities (RMBS). Although the loans were subprime, Goldman Sachs is guilty of predatory lending because of their harmful intentions to make money off of their investors. Between the lying of their regulatory procedures to the selling of the un-securitized loans, Goldman Sachs misrepresented a lot of information to their investors, which hopefully, this essay helped bring to light. Sources: https://www.justice.gov/opa/file/839901/download (Statement of Facts)

Sybolism in A Rose for Emily essays

Sybolism in A Rose for Emily essays In the short story, A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner, symbolism is used frequently throughout the story. There are several different symbolic subjects in this story such as the house, Miss Emily as a monument, Homer and the Yankee views, and Miss Emilys old Negro servant who represents death in the story. Miss Emily is compared to her house in many different ways, there is the description of the decaying house which symbolizes Miss Emilys physical and emotional decay, and as well as her mental problems. The representation between Miss Emily and the house is shown through the constant neglect that is given to her from the neighbors and people in the town. Faulkner in one point makes, the house is described to be stubborn and unrelenting, as Miss Emily portrays the same aspects. Miss Emily shows her stubbornness when she doesnt let the new guard attach metal numbers above her door. Also many other signs of this stubbornness is when Miss Emily refuses to believe that her father is dead and when she refuses to pay taxes. This retracts back to the house on how it rejects progression and updating, so does Miss Emily, as they become decaying symbols of their dying generation. Miss Emily really is representing the Old South, her southern heritage and her points of view are given through her actions. Thats where she gets her stubbornness and attitude from the strong characteristics of her Southern heritage. She refused to believe that the times where changing and refused to change into the new society like everyone else in the town was doing. The Southern heritage is also represented through Miss Emilys strict and repetitive ways. The story basically addresses the changes in the South after the Civil War. Miss Emily is considered a monument of the Southern manners and her past values that she has. The Old South generations were dying qui...

Become a TA in Graduate School

Become a TA in Graduate School If you are preparing to go to graduate school, you may want to consider becoming a teaching assistant, or TA. An assistantship is a form of financial assistance provided to graduate students. They provide part-time academic employment and the school provides a stipend to the student. Teaching assistants  receive  a paid stipend and/or receive tuition remission (free tuition) in exchange for tasks they perform for a faculty member, the department, or the college. This defrays the cost of their graduate education​ but also means they are working for the college or university and have responsibilities as both a teacher and student. What Does a TA Get? The duties that a TA performs can vary according to schools, departments or what an individual professor needs.  Teaching assistantships provide aid in exchange for teaching activities, such as assisting a professor by conducting lab or study groups, preparing lectures, and grading. Some TAs may teach an entire class. Others simply assist the teacher. Most TAs put in about 20 hours per week.   While the discount or coverage of tuition is nice, a TA is a student at the same time. This means that he or she will have to maintain their own coursework load while providing TA duties. It can be a tough challenge to balance being both a teacher and a student! It can be hard for many TAs to do this, and to remain professional among students that are probably close in age, but the rewards of being a TA can be valued long after graduation. In addition to the financial perks, a TA receives the ability to interact with professors (and students) extensively. Being involved in the academic circuit provides extensive networking opportunities especially if the TA wants to eventually become an academic professional. The TA will have a valuable in for job prospects as they network with other professors. How to Become a Teaching Assistant Because  of the steep tuition discount, or complete tuition reimbursement, TA positions are coveted. Competition can be fierce in order to secure a spot as a teaching assistant. Applicants likely have to go through an extensive selection and interview process. After getting accepted as a teaching assistant, they typically undergo TA training.   If you are hoping to snag a spot as a TA, make sure you know about the application process early. This will help you develop a strong platform and application bid, and meet deadlines necessary to apply on time.   Other Ways to Defray Grad School Costs Being a TA isnt the only that grad students can also earn a tuition stipend. If you are more interested in conducting research as opposed to teaching, your university or college may offer the opportunity to become a research assistant.  Research assistantships pay students to assist a professor with his or her research, similar to the way that TAs help professors with classwork.

Volcano Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Volcano - Essay Example Hot clouds and glowing lava advanced 1 km. down the Genol River. Inhabitants in Muntilan saw the ash fall over surrounding areas. Merapi is considered as the most active of the 130 active volcanoes of Indonesia. Twelve major eruptions have killed thousands. People of Indonesia look at Merapi with awe, wonder and reverence and every year a priest makes the ascent to the top of the mountain to make the prescribed offering. For the last two weeks Merapi volcano has been spewing thick black smoke and the scientists say that a full scale eruption is soon on the cards. The full name of this mountain is Gunung Merapi, meaning Fiery Mountain. It is situated overlooking the ancient royal city of Yogyakarta. Eruptions are a regular feature with Merapi, one of the most active volcanos in the world. Small eruptions take place every 2-3 years, bigger ones at the interval of 10-15 years and the real big ones with tremendous destructive capacity, once in 50-60 years. The eruption of 1006 was so devastating that an entire Hindu Kingdom was destroyed. In 1930, about 1300 people were killed. The 1994 eruption was comparatively less destructive and it claimed 64 lives. Local people consider this volcano as very sacred. They also firmly believe that a supernatural Kingdom exists on the top of Merapi. Merapi is located in the zone called a â€Å"Ring of Fire,† in the Pacific Ocean. When at peace, Merapi is just like a friend to the people and to the tourists who are fond of hiking and climbing. But nothing could be predicted about this wonder of nature. Suddenly you can see the volcanic ash spew and then glowing lava ooze down on all its sides. As it intensifies, the sight of large plume of smoke billowing from it is not only amazing but terrifying! Notwithstanding its fearsome activities, people around the mountain love and respect Merapi and many cultivate crops quite close to the cone section. On November 22, 1994, Merapi shook and was in for a major bout of

Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussions - Essay Example Backing-up data requires software tools, which are clearly the responsibility of the company to make available to the employee. In this line of reasoning, it is the responsibility of the company to purchase and make available the back-up software. However, it is the responsibility of the employee to use the software to back-up her files. --Doug The answer to who should backup company data is, it depends. I can think of two situations where the answer differs. The first situation consists of a typical user who sits in the cube and uses systems provided by the organization. In this situation, the organization must address two issues. First, they must provide a central location for users to securely save their information. They must provide policies, procedures, and technical solutions to backup those backend systems that house all critical information. The employee is not without responsibility in this situation. They must ensure that they are saving their work on those resources that provide the backup solution. Where my answer differs is from the following scenario. I have worked for and know consultants who are responsible for purchasing their own laptops. They are typically road warriors and do not frequent the office on a regular basis. Their laptops house corporate data critical to the organization.

Compare and contrast the theories of Karl Marx (the class motive) and Essay

Compare and contrast the theories of Karl Marx (the class motive) and John Stuart Mill (the happiness motive) with reference to the issue of oppression in moder - Essay Example hasized in both Marx, and Mill, but whereas Marx sees the political motives of the individual to be class-based rejection of capitalism, Mills sees the happiness of the individual as more important than political or social oppression. Each of these theorists have contributed towards twentieth century political influence, with both socialists and libertarians using these works as cornerstones of activism and individual beliefs. Marx’s supporters tend to believe in community support, with individual needs oppressed in favor of the society; Mill’s theories are concerned with the right of pursuit of individual happiness, against the demands of a society for conformity and participation in accepted beliefs. Marx’s theory of the individual was heavily influenced by the work of Hegel, who was influential in turning the concentration of philosophers from institutions to the individual. Hegel saw society as the individual having subjective encounters â€Å" With the Material World† (Schleuning, webpage). While Hegel sees the material world as essential to developing the individual; property and ownership are crucial. ‘Ownership’ in this sense is not purchasing, but creation of material through work: creative self-expression. Marx sees the individual worker being divided from his former ownership of the items which he makes, affecting his consciousness (Ritts, 153). â€Å"The class which has the means of material production at its disposal, has control at the same time over the means of mental production† (Marx, page 191). This is the ‘tyranny of the minority’, or the smaller bourgeois class, over the much larger, working-class majority. Ritts sees this as Social Darwinism, with the fitness not suitability for survival, but personal fortune (Ritts, 153) The individual worker’s life inside an industrial society is, according to Marx, very precarious, and this is one of the causes of conflict between the individual and the bourgeois owners. Marx’s

Female Juvenile Delinquents Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Female Juvenile Delinquents - Term Paper Example The essence of this paper is to investigate the status quo of the girl child delinquent and to evaluate the effectiveness of the various mitigation measures that have been put forward. Statistics have proved that there is disproportionate growth of the female juvenile crime rate as compared to that of the opposite gender. According to FBI report (2011), female-child arrests increased by 4% between the year 1999 and 2003 in the U.S. Between 2007 and 2008, the female child arrests for minor crimes increased by about 12% while the rate of male juvenile increased only by 2%. The data from FBI statistics point to an alarming growth of the female crime rate, while the effort to control male juvenile seems to be yielding a good reap. In addition, the statistics analysts have predicted that going by the projection of this crime scenario, female juvenile would get out of control by the year 2014. Resultantly, there is a need for quick and effective intervention procedures contain female delin quency before it is out hands. Research has associated the offending behavior of the girl child to a lot early age victimization of this gender. Physical, sexual and emotional harassment predisposes young girls to the risk of engaging in future offending actions. Scholars have identified a causal relationship between female juveniles and a history of victimization during their early age of growth. According to Acoca (2000, p. 48), most of the females offendants who have been arrested have a history of some form of harassment. These scholars believe that female children resort to crime as a way of settling their emotional distress that is hard to cope. Moreover, the female child is more prone to victimization than the male child, which explains why there is a disproportionate growth in crime rate among female child. Various forms of victimization have been manifested among the sample cases that have been used for research. Rape, violent beating, stabbing and clack of parental care we re among the cases that affected many girls at the age of 13 and 14 years. The FBI (2011) blamed increase in child victimization for the rise in female child defendants. According to psychologists, victims of violence manifest symptoms of post-traumatic stress, which if not properly managed can permanently impair the social behavior of the girl child. Most psychologists have drawn an analogy of female delinquency to the condition of battered woman syndrome that is manifested among married women (Paludi, 2011). The similarity between the two is that both are runaways for victims of some form of violence. The Detroit Police Department reported that females who suffered rape either from strangers or from members of their family had a higher risk of engaging in crime. Another trigger for female delinquency is the lack of or poor parenting. Children who have their parents dead either through murder or any other reason ended up indulging in crime. Most orphaned females end up dropping out of school, risk getting pregnant at adolescence and in some instances end up in drug abuse. Eventually, they end up being enrolled in criminal groups as the only consolation for their stressful life. There is more to worry about since these female delinquents end up being the women criminals in the society (Siegel & Welsh, 2008).

Chris Burden Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chris Burden - Research Paper Example The paper "Chris Burden" focuses on the art of Chris Burden. Burden commenced his career during the first half of 1970s and his most famous performance piece ‘Shoot’ evolved during this half of his career. This act involved shooting of Burden in his left arm by the assistant from a distance of about five meters. After this, Burden produced a series of controversial performances; prominent among them were ‘Five Day Locker Piece’ in the year 1971, ‘Deadman’ in the year 1972, ‘B.C. Mexico’ in the year 1973. In the same year, Burden also produced another famous performance piece bearing the title, ‘Fire Roll’. Other noteworthy performance piece by Burden during this era was ‘TV Hijack’ in the year 1972, ‘Doomed’ in the year 1975 and ‘Honest Labor’ in the year 1979. One of Burden’s famous pieces bears the title, ‘Trans-Fixed’ and was performed in the year 1974. The p erformance took place at Speedway Avenue in Venice, California. In this performance, Burden was seen laying face-up on a Volkswagen Beetle and was nailed by his hands portraying crucifixion on the car. The car was pushed out of the garage and the engine was rewed for the span of two minutes and then again the car was pushed back into the garage. Burden performed another noteworthy piece ‘White Light/White Heat’ at the Ronal Feldman gallery in New York. This piece bears the title ‘Doomed’ and is one of the most controversial pieces of the time. In the year 1978, Burden joined the University as a professor.

Nursing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Management - Essay Example The paper tells that high turnover rates may lead to poor patient outcomes because the institution could loose employees who have gained some levels of expertise, familiarity with the work environment and patient trust. This has the potential of making the hospital to loose customers leading to reduce profit margins or reduced economies of scale. The institution also incurs expenses in the process of recruiting new staff. At times, the new workforce needs to be trained on certain skills that are important for quality patient outcomes. This means the higher the turn over rates, the higher the rate at which the institution incurs these expenses. Castle and Engberg explain that when the levels of absenteeism are high, the nurses who are available are forced to take mandatory overtime and this presents extra costs to the healthcare institution. This could also affect the efficiency of the available nurses because of working under strenuous conditions. Because of this, the healthcare inst itution may become limited in its capacity to handle normal number of patients. Absenteeism also leads to inconsistency in managing patient cases because teams handling patients have to be changed frequently and this may lead to poor patient outcomes and reduced trust by customers. In regard to patient privacy, nurses should consider the effects of breaching privacy on the patient such as withdrawal and lack of cooperation. There are also circumstances which require that nurses weigh the importance of revealing the patient information to some relevant information verses the risks of maintaining privacy. An example is where the parents of a youngsters have to be notified of their child’s condition so that they can support in paying for their treatment. If the youngster’s condition is serious and the parents are not notified, the patient could die. Nurses should also consider the relevance of the third parties for example insurance companies or employers paying for a pat ient’s medical bills have the right to access the patient’s medical records or else they might not pay. Others could include people who could be potentially harmed by the patient’s condition. In the case of married couples, nurses should not withhold the medical records of their partners from them. 3) Discuss the importance of policy, protocol and procedure manuals in hospital wards. In hospital wards, policies are important in justifying some of the interventions taken by nurses that the patients could question for example referral of all patients suspected to be victims of physical abuse or rape to the most appropriate external medical provider. They also spell out permission granted to nurses in regard to some emergency cases for example administration of epinephrine to a anaphylaxis patient without an order from registered nurse or physician. Protocols guide nurses on the right thing to do in regard to their various roles for example what to include when mak ing orders for the treatment of a patient. These could include patient’s full names, frequency and route of administration, date and time ordered among others. Procedure manuals on the other hand ensure that right from reception, admission and henceforth, the correct medical examinations and procedures are conducted on all patients and they are given the right medications. 4) Define the term ‘skill mix’, and explain why ‘team nursing’ is ‘skill mix’. The term skill mix simply means a mix of staff in the workforce or the pooling of professionals from various fields to accomplish a given task. Roles and activities are demarcated among various categories of staff. Team nursing can be described as skill mix because it involves the working together of professionals

Chris Burden Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chris Burden - Research Paper Example The paper "Chris Burden" focuses on the art of Chris Burden. Burden commenced his career during the first half of 1970s and his most famous performance piece ‘Shoot’ evolved during this half of his career. This act involved shooting of Burden in his left arm by the assistant from a distance of about five meters. After this, Burden produced a series of controversial performances; prominent among them were ‘Five Day Locker Piece’ in the year 1971, ‘Deadman’ in the year 1972, ‘B.C. Mexico’ in the year 1973. In the same year, Burden also produced another famous performance piece bearing the title, ‘Fire Roll’. Other noteworthy performance piece by Burden during this era was ‘TV Hijack’ in the year 1972, ‘Doomed’ in the year 1975 and ‘Honest Labor’ in the year 1979. One of Burden’s famous pieces bears the title, ‘Trans-Fixed’ and was performed in the year 1974. The p erformance took place at Speedway Avenue in Venice, California. In this performance, Burden was seen laying face-up on a Volkswagen Beetle and was nailed by his hands portraying crucifixion on the car. The car was pushed out of the garage and the engine was rewed for the span of two minutes and then again the car was pushed back into the garage. Burden performed another noteworthy piece ‘White Light/White Heat’ at the Ronal Feldman gallery in New York. This piece bears the title ‘Doomed’ and is one of the most controversial pieces of the time. In the year 1978, Burden joined the University as a professor.

Practicing Curiosity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Practicing Curiosity - Assignment Example In fact, he says that he successfully made his first public performance when he was only seven. This shows that he was always having the passion and desire to be a great musician (Eisen and Stanley 43). The other important thing which arouses my curiosity is Daniel’s musical style. As a pianist, he acknowledges his disapproval for the band wagon and instead, adopting and subscribing to his own school of thought. Instead of borrowing from his mentors, he opted to adopt his own peculiar style for playing his piano. He became so conventional and used to find his tempo from within his music particularly harmonic rhythm and harmony. by opting to act in such a manner, he was trying to prove to his colleagues of fans that music is a very dynamic field which does not necessarily need to be done in a similar manner. since each musician is free, they can choose their own style to adopt as they refine and make it better to appeal to their respective audience. Because of this, I would like to point out that I have really learnt a lot from this artist. Through his interview with Rose, I have known that music is a good and rewarding career if taken seriously. The interview has changed my attitude towards music. Unlike before, I now regard music as a very interesting and fulfilling career. However, for anyone to excel to the level of Daniel, they must have the required passion for it (Eisen and Stanley 27). Besides, they should be dedicated and committed to be novel and perfect in the playing of their various instruments. Lastly, it needs a high level of flexibility. Just like Daniel himself who participated in the orchestra, symphony and jazz, any artist should not be restricted to only one area. This is the only way through which they can build a reputation for

One flew over the cuckoos nest Essay Example for Free

One flew over the cuckoos nest Essay Through Keseys use of literary features, his novel helped base an understanding on what society decided to believe is normal. Kesey highlights the significance of the insane and their positive energy. He uses McMurphy as a tool to highlight each patients positive side whereas society only searches for the negative. Keseys outlook on mental illness is simple; he uses his novel to point this out. His novel shows how the patients in the ward are there because society placed them there. Society labeled these people to be against the norms or conformities, which in return allowed the patients to feel inferior and out of place. This novel stresses the fact that each person should not be forced into a corner; they should be given rights to live regular lives with other people. Society should not force inferiority complexes on these patients. The fact that most of the patients were voluntary helps prove this point. It shows how society forced them into a completely different and inhumane lifestyle. Another novel that joins this rebellion against society in relation to insanity is The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath. In this novel, Plath interprets insanity in her own way trying to prove practically the same point as Kesey. Plaths use of description, metaphors, and characterization help provide her main point of allowing insanity to merge with reality. The Bell Jar is a novel equipped with descriptions that allow the reader direct access to the main characters mind. Plath uses an abundant amount of physical descriptions such as the description of Esthers surroundings at all times to help give examples of how society has forced this woman to think. Esthers thoughts on life, death, and the world all seem to be reasonable and justifiable thoughts. She is capable of convincing the reader that those thoughts are not insane. Through the use of descriptions, Plath was able to highlight the unjust life of a 1950s woman. Plath also uses metaphors to highlight the suppression made by society on the women. The title of the book is the major metaphor that best represents Plaths idea on societys conformities. The entire novel revolves around the idea of the bell jar and this jar represents how society analyzes and reduces the contents provided in the jar. The jar represents insanity. Esther feels secluded and isolated from the real world when she is labeled as mad. She feels like she is an airless jar that ruins her perspective of what the real world is. It signifies a buffer that ends the connection between Esther and the real world4. These literary features were all used to highlight Esthers alienation from the real world. It shows how a young woman from the 1950s was forced to act. Esther wanted to pursue a writing career and is supported completely, but her thoughts begin to change when the fact that she cannot merge her career with being a mother come to place. Esther becomes depressed and her thoughts begin to change on the world. These individual thoughts begin to accumulate leading to actions that are condemned upon by society. Society expects a lot from Esther such as the idea of her virginity. Esther rebels against the conventional role of virginity with women at that time by embarking on a sexual experience. Esther did not become insane because she believed against the norms of society but rather insanity fell on her. The treatments in both novels are similar in many aspects. At first, the hospitals provide healthy conversations between the patient and a professional psychiatrist. In both novels, the sense of talking is important because a lot of information is released about society and what they think of it. Another treatment usually done after talk therapy is electroshock therapy. Electroshock therapy was created in 1936 in order to help patients clear their mind5. As years passed, this treatment began to evolve which therefore led to the change of its purpose. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, ECT was used as a form of punishment. Patients were punished for doing anything out of the ordinary. In The Bell Jar, Esther Greenwood undergoes several electroshock therapy sessions to clear her mind. She continuously states how painful the therapy is and tries to refuse treatment. Her recollections of these treatments show the inhumanity in medical treatments. Another treatment that falls into the controversial category is Lobotomy. It is shown insignificantly in The Bell Jar, one patient briefly converses about it. On the other hand, Lobotomy has a major impact in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. The main character undergoes a lobotomy at the end of the novel. This act completely criticizes the ways of society in relation to medical treatments. Many forms of medical treatments on insanity exist but whether they provide a positive outcome is the main question. Society and mental illness are very closely related in the sense that society creates the separation between sanity and insanity. That separation is miniscule and changes constantly over time. Both of these novels emphasize isolation, suppression, and seclusion forced by society. Society forces these on the ideas that are condemned or not wanted. These ideas should not force inhumane actions but rather welcome ideas as an advantage to a better society, a more open society. Mental illnesses and treatments are used as major themes in novels to help highlight the negative aspects of what society creates. Through showing the unjust actions forced by society on people, the idea of insanity should evolve from punishment to help. Word Count: 1,605 1 One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey. 2 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. Source 1 3 Gale, CD-Rom, HS Library. Source 1 4 Concise Dictionary of American Literary Biography, 1941-1968; Contemporary Authors, Vols. 17-20.

Capital Punishment Essays - Benefits of the Death Penalty :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment Essays - Benefits of the Death Penalty    In the eighteenth century,England would punish by death for pickpocketing and petty theft. Ever since the 1650's colonist could be put to death for denying the true god or cursing their parents advocates. Capital Punishment have clashed almost continuously in the forum of public opinion in state legislatures and most recently in courts. In 1972,the case of furman vs.Georgia reached the supreme court. The court decided that punishment by death did indeed violate the eighth amendment to containing that "excessive fines imposed,nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted." By this decision death sentences all over the country were set aside. The three most common death penalties are the gas chamber,lethal injection,and the electric chair. Capital punishment has become an increasingly controversial issue over many decades. The problem lies between, is the death penalty being accepted in murder cases or ruled out completely. While some people feel that Capital Punishment will not discourage crime, Capital punishment should be legalized in all states, because it is morally just and it will deter crime.    The many opponents of capital punishment who are against it feel that the death penalty is not a deterrent and that it is barbariaertic of the past. It has no place in a civilized society today. One of the biggest arguments against capital punishment is people feel that it violates the eighth amendment which forbids cruel and unusual punishment. People against Capital Punishment believe the death penalty is absurd and is in un-christian practice. Further more, they feel society should not" encourage sentiments of vengenance cater to morbid interest in ritual execution." Criminologists also built a strong case that the threat of death failed to deter murder, anymore effectively than prison. Therefore, to inflict harm to one,it is simply useless.    However, the punishment fits the crime therefore, it is morally just. Capital punishment is an expression of society's moral outrage at offensive conduct. This may be appealing to many but it is essential in an ordered society. It asks our citizens to rely on legal procedures rather than to self-help their wrongs doings. It is morally right to sentence a person to the death penalty who has commited a serious crime as murder. If someone has murdered a person it is unethical to let the murderer live when you have an innocent person who is dead. Capital Punishment has to be based entirely on consideration of justice and morality.    Finally, the death penalty is a deterrent against crimes. Statistics show that the crime rate is reduced in all states that hold the death penalty.

My Teaching Philosophy Essay example -- Philosophy of Teaching Educati

My Teaching Philosophy All of my life I have enjoyed helping others. I have also loved the classes I have had with a really good teacher. I think it’s a wonderful feeling to be able to help someone and to know that there is someone there to help me when I need it. I want to help teach the future leaders of this country, as well as those content with just being themselves and staying out of trouble. I honestly believe in Rosseau’s idea that children are born good and that things in society contribute to whether or not they are troublesome. I want to help these children remain good. Although I plan to teach at the high school level, I still believe these â€Å"bad† children can be helped with the proper attention and care. I also believe that the nature of knowledge is neither relative nor absolute but a combination of both. There are some things that people learn only because they are taught. These things would include learning the Presidents of the U.S., the correct comma usage, a foreign language, etc. There are other things that children discover on their own or through the help of their peers. Things like the current fashion treads, valuable lessons or trust and loyalty, social skills, etc. These are reasons why a combination of cooperative learning and direct teaching techniques should be used. The overall purpose of education is to help our future generations succeed at whatever it is they’re good at. Education is essential to ru...

Killing Without Emotions

Shaharyar khan Michael Miller CW 1 Date: 05/02/13 Killing Without Emotions â€Å"In World War Two it is fact that only 15 to 20 percent of the solider fired at the enemy. That is one in five soldiers actually shooting at a Nazi when he sees one. † (Frisbee Jr) This surprising fact clearly indicates how hard it is to kill without emotions. The guilt or the feeling one gets after he has killed somebody is the worst feeling of his/her life. This fact also indicates our human nature. Emotions are the essential and necessary part of humans. In one way, humans are differentiated from animals and emotionless machines.This human nature of ours makes us think or stops us in order to kill without emotions. When humans are hardwired to be empathetic and compassionate not to kill, it is hard to understand why there is so much killing in the world? How, with empathy and compassion, can people kill? They must override their emotions with stronger emotions of hate and notions of purpose base d on their beliefs. In the following paragraphs will present few examples that will indicate why and how some people override their emotions with stronger emotions based on their purpose.A common example of this is of a suicide bomber. So how these suicide bombers are formed or what is the psychology involved behind suicide bombing. . Often the suicide bombers arrested in Pakistan are usually teenagers and are from a poor background. They are usually kidnapped on their way to school or madraassa (religious school) and then brainwashed. Research and Today’s media reveals that suicide bombers using their religion as a shield justifies what they are doing are right.During brainwashing they are kept isolated and given misleading information on the name of the religion. They are told by the corrupt religious leaders that killing of the non Muslims are justified according to their religion. In addition to this they are also told that dying in the name of their religion will earn th em the rank of a martyred. They are also brainwashed that they will earn a high rank in the heavens and rivers of milk and honey and beautiful virgins await. (Yusufzai and Jamal). They are offered high price to get the job done.They are assured that their family will live wealthy life after their job is done. Almost 90% of the suicide bombers are normal humans but, after knowing the position they can earn by dying in the name of their religion, change their emotions to kill hundreds of innocent humans. From this above example it can be concluded that they simple overcome their emotions with stronger emotions of earning high rank in Heavens by dying in the name of the religion, securing the lives of their family and obeying the orders of God.Another type of the people who override their emotions to kill are the soldiers. Soldiers override their emotions for certain reasons that they learn during the training. During the training there are told that they are the protectors of the land . The lives of their families and their countrymen depend on them. Moreover, they are trained with the fact that what they are doing is right and justified and God is with them. The training for the soldiers keeps on the changing with time to time. The soldiers are given complete training/ practicing area. The soldiers are desensitized by making them shoot at human shaped paper targets, drill and then to moving targets and pop up targets look kind of human shape making their response automatic and focused†. (Dwyer). The training areas includes all kinds of difficult pathways, underground tunnels and sudden appearance of the human shaped targets which they have shoot at and take them down. They are also congratulated on their first kill which increases their confidence to override their emotions more easily â€Å"In addition to this there are addressed directly making them believe that they actually have to kill. (Robinson). â€Å"Often a times the present the enemies in way that does not even feel like a human; for instance they will call their enemies by those names that even don’t look familiar. Names like â€Å"gook† who knows what is gook? It does not sound like a human or a person. Half of the desensitizing and dehumanizing is made easier in presenting a person that does not even to our class or kind. In addition, saying that God is with us, we are fighting for the sake of our country and the people and God is proud of us.A lot of killing is made easier in this for the soldiers presenting these as a reason. † (Pomerantz) So, with this kind of training and lessons of patriotism being given to the soldiers makes it easier to override to their emotions. In the conclusion I would restate again that killing without emotions is really hard unless you have you don’t overcome your emotions. It takes a lot of nerve and heart to kill without emotions. Works cited Dwyer, Gwynne. â€Å"Soldiers trained to kill and post-traumatic ps ycho-babble. Thuppahi's blog, 29 April 2011. Web. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Yusufzai, Asfaq, and Amna Nasir Jamal. â€Å"Teenagers recruited, trained as suicide bombers. †Ã‚  Central online Asia. N. p. , 11 04 2011. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Robinson, Steve. â€Å"The impact of killing and how to prepare the soldiers . †Ã‚  Frontline. Frontline, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Pomerantz, Andrew. â€Å"The impact of killing and how to prepare the soldiers . †Ã‚  Frontline. Frontline, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013.

The Effect Of Cryotherapy Health And Social Care Essay

This chapter summarizes the major findings, restrictions, deductions in the field of nursing instruction, nursing pattern, nursing research and recommendations for farther research. The survey was conducted with the aims to place the effectivity of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching on the degree of spasticity and manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis in Families for kids, Coimbatore. A quasi experimental, pretest post-test with control group design was adopted for the survey. Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the samples for the survey. Entire figure of samples selected for the survey was 30. The selected samples were indiscriminately assigned to experimental and command group instead. Initially the degree of spasticity and manus map was measured utilizing Ashworth graduated table and Zancolli categorization manus map graduated table before intercession. For experimental group, cryotherapy was given for 20 proceedingss prior to passive stretching on the flexor compartment of the forearm and no intercession given to command group. The degree of spasticity and manus map were reassessed after 10 yearss. ‘t ‘ trial for depe ndant and independent samples was used to happen out the consequence of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching on the degree of spasticity and manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis. The findings from the survey concluded that, cryotherapy prior to passive stretching was effectual in cut downing the spasticity and betterment in manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis.6. 1. Major FINDINGS OF THE STUDYCryotherapy prior to passive stretching was found to be effectual in cut downing the degree of spasticity and betterment of manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis The consequence shows that, there is a important decrease in degree of spasticity in experimental group when compared to the control group among kids with intellectual paralysis. The consequence shows that, there is a important betterment of manus map in experimental group when compared to command group among kids with intellectual paralysis.6. 2. RECOMMENDATIONSCryotherapy prior to passive stretching can be used as a everyday intercession among kids with intellectual paralysis. A survey can be conducted utilizing ice application prior to passive stretching on spasticity and reduced scope of gesture in lower limbs in kids with intellectual paralysis6. 3. Nursing DeductionThe wellness professionals particularly paediatric nurses have a major function in supplying compassionate attention to kids. The nurses have the duty in assisting kids for monitoring and pull offing the attention for the kids with disablements like intellectual paralysis. Cryotherapy is one of the cost effectual method to cut down spasticity and bettering manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis prior to passive stretching. Consequences of this survey have deductions in nursing instruction, nursing pattern, nursing disposal and nursing research.6. 3. 1. Nursing EducationChildren with spasticity receive assorted methods of intervention like physical therapy. To pull off the symptoms efficaciously there are many alternate therapies like hydropathy, cold therapy and other exercisings. Among these therapies cryotherapy is one of the alternate intervention. In the field of nursing instruction, disposal of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching exercisings is concerned with holistic attention of patients. Therefore, it is appropriate to integrate alternate therapies like cryotherapy into nursing course of study.6. 3. 2. Nursing PracticeNursing consists of a organic structure of cognition that is ever altering with new inventions. Integration of inventions into nursing pattern improves the quality of attention provided to paediatric population. Ice application facilitates the decrease of spasticity and helps in betterment of manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis. The intercession of ice application enhances the accomplishment and attempt of paediatric nurses in cut downing spasticity and bettering manus map during the process. Hence, ice application can be adopted as a everyday pattern before inactive stretching exercisings in kids with intellectual paral ysis.6. 3. 3. Nursing AdministrationWhen non-pharmacological therapy progresss, the decision maker has the duty of supplying paediatric nurses with significant go oning instruction chances and enabling them to update their cognition with current research findings. The nurse decision makers must pull written policies sing the benefits of cryotherapy for cut downing spasticity and bettering manus map prior to passive stretching in kids with intellectual paralysis6.3.4. Nursing ResearchNursing research must concentrate more on the grounds based and holistic pattern by understanding the assorted techniques that can convey about important positive and psychological results for kids. The alternate therapy like ice application as one of the nursing intercession for kids with spasticity and decreased manus map which is an low-cost and effectual manner can be practiced based on research findings. The findings of the present survey can be utilized by the nurse research worker to lend to new cognition sing spasticity direction. The consequences from the present survey will assist the paediatric nurses in pull offing intellectual kids with spasticity.6. 4. DecisionCryotherapy is a non-pharmacological therapy used in the present survey to measure the degree of spasticity and manus map among kids with intellectual paralysis. The findings revealed that, cryotherapy was effectual in cut downing spasticity and bettering manus map. The therapy is besides cost effectual. Hence, the research worker concluded that, all paediatric nurses should follow this intercession in their clinical pattern to cut down spasticity and bettering manus map among kids with spastic intellectual p aralysis.

Global Warming and Its Effects in Mumbai, India

A Paper on Global Warming and Its Effectss in Mumbai, India com/aaimagestore/essays/0817976.001.jpg"/> Present Scenario At A Glance: Global heating implies enhanced green house consequence, which entraps solar radiations, accordingly increasing the overall temperature of the Earth. The GHG creates a cover in the lower strata of the earth’s atmosphere and this phenomenon consequences chiefly from human activities. The mean planetary temperatures and CO2 degree in the ambiance are higher than they have of all time been in the yesteryear. Records show that the last 25 old ages have been the warmest in the past 5 centuries. Current state of affairs is traveling towards 4 – 5Â ° C by 2100, which seems ruinous to scientists for biodiversity, utmost conditions or low-lying rise. An addition of 2-4Â ° C may take to 10-20 % addition in cyclonal strength. This heating can travel up to an addition of average surface temperature by 3.5-5Â ° C by the terminal of the century. Fig 1:Current Green House Gas Emissions all over the universe( 1000000s of dozenss ) The recent ruinous climatic events in India are the effects of planetary heating. Mumbai, the concern capital of India, is highly vulnerable to lifting sea degrees. Harmonizing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) , the Arabian Sea degree around Mumbai is steadily lifting at the rate of 2.4 millimeters per twelvemonth and expected to lift up to 15-38 centimeter by 2050. The metropolis is in a seismal zone and prone to see monolithic temblor or a elephantine tsunami doing impossible loss of human lives and assets. This needfully means that this would impact the economic system of the full state. Harmonizing to a 2012 study, about 2.7 million people live in countries at hazard of deluging. Until 1990, the average annually rainfall in Mumbai was 2129 millimeter, which rose by 50 % in 2005-06 ( 3214 millimeter ) . In 2005, a ruinous inundation occurred in Mumbai, doing decease of more than 5000 people and 26 July 2005 was known as the BLACK DAY in the history of Mumb ai since so. Recently, winters in Mumbai have been the coldest with temperature every bit low as 8Â ° C, when an mean temperature is about 18-25Â ° C in the past 50 old ages. Issues like the monolithic environmental debasement due to population growing and ever-increasing built-up countries worsened the hazard in Mumbai. Indian urban wetlands have reduced by 30 % in the last 50 old ages due to the rapid urban development and dumping of waste in H2O organic structures. The state of affairs is even more important because of its clime alterations due to population denseness, and its major industrial and fiscal developments many of which are developed merely above sea degree and below the high-tide degree. This inhibits natural overflow of surface H2O through the complicated web of drains, rivers, brooks and pools that drain straight in the sea and during high tides sea H2O can come in the system and lead to salt H2O flood. As a consequence, foundations of many edifices along the seashore have already started gnawing taking to a great danger. Approximately 101155 dozenss of municipal solid waste is generated in the metropolitan part, which includes biodegrada ble waste, reclaimable waste and dust. Bettering the drainage system in Mumbai could cut down the losingss associated with a inundation event by 70 % . Fig 2: Monthly Total Rainfall over Santacruz in July ( 1959-2005 ) Economic Impacts due to Climatic Catastrophes: Though Indian economic system happens to be as one of the fastest turning major economic systems, the climatic catastrophes are impacting it greatly. Harmonizing to The Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, if the planetary heating continues to lift, climatic catastrophes would do a lessening in India’s GDP by approximately 9 % . An estimated 11.4 million people and assets worth of $ 1.3 trillion would be in danger in Mumbai due to climatic catastrophes by 2070. Surveies were besides carried out by National Climatic Data Center to analyse the economic impacts from clime alteration. Bombay is likely to endure infrastructural losingss including airdromes, roads, ports, tracks, bridges up to INR 4,000 crores due to climate alteration. Surveies suggest that losingss could lift by 35 % for utmost rainfall event In Mumbai. In 2005 calamity 14,000 places were destroyed, and more than 350,000 places were affected. That twelvemonth the metropolis was impacted straight with e conomic amendss of about two billion USD and 500 human deaths. Due to climate alteration, the entire losingss for a 1-in-100 twelvemonth event could manifold by three times of the current state of affairs ( to $ 690 – $ 1890 million USD ) . Actions Taken So Far: National Disaster Management Authority, The Ministry of Environment and Forests, the Ministry of External Affairs, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Prime Minister’s Office set guidelines for the catastrophe related issues. Some of the major policies that have been issued since 1953 1s:Ministerial commission on inundation control -1964Minister ‘s commission on inundation and inundation alleviation – 1972Working group on inundation control for five twelvemonth programsNational committee for incorporate H2O resource development program -1996National H2O policy – 1987National Flood Commission -1980Five regional undertaking forces – 1996Advisers were appointed to analyze the storm H2O drainage system and to fix programs for faster disposal of overflow, cut downing inundation continuance and came up with a Maestro Plan for augmentation of SWD System and submitted concluding study, known as BRIMSTOWAD Report, in 1993. Measures taken by Central and State Governments: Structures built to forestall inundations:EmbankmentsDamsNatural detainment basinsChannel bettermentsDrain constructionsFlood zoningFlood proofingWater shed developmentBelow Government organic structures were formed for Flood Management:State Flood Control DepartmentCentral Water CommissionThe Ministry of Home Affairs has taken the Community Based Disaster Preparedness enterprise which works with the aid of the local people and the NGOs to assist people fix themselves for different climatic catastrophes by mobilising them easy, and supplying alleviation to the affected part. It besides helps to fix the seasonal calendars to foretell the climatic catastrophes, step the hazards for the community and take actions to cover with them. In December 2005, after Mumbai calamity, Government of India enacted the Disaster Management Act, under which the National Disaster Management Authority and State Disaster Management Authorities were created. The Act besides constituted Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Mitigation Fund at national, province and territory degrees. In Maharashtra, the province authorities consequently has prepared the Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan ( DMAP ) in 2007. Under this, the hazards and exposures have been identified associated with inundations, temblors, landslides and cyclones. The program includes specific alleviation and extenuation steps, Land usage planning and policies, substructure betterments and eventuality programs for Mumbai. In DMAP, measures for substructure betterments might necessitate a longer clip in footings of the socio-economic and political context of the metropolis. Besides, the policies and planning will non be utile and effectual unless they are implemented with schemes to cover with slums and migrators into the metropolis. A investigative commission ( CHITALE commission ) was established by Government of Maharashtra station 2005 inundations to look into the causes of the catastrophe and do recommendations to cut down hereafter hazards which greatly emphasized on steps to better the city’s drainage systems. The execution of recommendations included broadening of the river channel, cross-drainage work in the catchment country, remotion of invasions along the river Bankss, solid waste disposal systems, cancellation of licence of the polluting industries, controling outflowing discharge in the river and building of public lavatories, intensifying of the river for making green buffer zones, extra broadening and deepening of the river, prolongation of 18 Bridgess and river crossings. Enterprises taken by cardinal authorities, province authorities and local organic structures are as below: Enterprises at the Government Level:Integrated Energy Policy, 2006Reforming Energy Markers ( Electricity Act 2005, Duty Policy 2003, Petroleum & A ; Natural Gas Regulatory Board Act, 2006 )Energy Conservation Act, 2001New and Renewable Energy Policy, 2005Energy Conservation Building Code, 200650,000 MW Hydroelectric Initiative, 2003The National Action Plan on Climate Change: Prime Minister Climate Change Action Plan and the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission are major enterprises of the Central and State Governments to advance ecologically sustainable growing and reference country’s energy security challenge. The Mission marks to make a policy model to deploy 20,000 MW of solar power by 2022Natural Resources & A ; Environment Capability Plan Implementation 2008 -11.Enterprises at Local Body Level:Compulsory rain H2O reaping for all edificesPromoting energy efficient edificesImproved waste directionPrecedence to public conveyance substructurePromoting recycle and reuse of waste H2OBan on PlasticUse of energy salvaging led lampsAir pollution monitoringSchools Campaigns for consciousnessUse of Mass Transit, Car poolsUse of CNG alternatively of gasolineUse of bikeSpecific Undertakings in Mumbai Metropolitan Region:Mithi River Development Mumbai MetroDesign and building of skywalks in MMR at 67 topographic pointsBRIMSTOWAD and Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project Priority WorksMumbai Trans Harbour Sea Link Project with dispersion systemMumbai Urban Transport ProjectMumbai Metro LineBandra Worli Sea LinkDharavi Redevelopment ProjectMumbai Urban Infrastructure ProjectRehabilitation of Pavement DwellersMonorail UndertakingMumbai City Development Plan 2005-2025The province signed a Memorandum of Understanding of biennial survey across the province with The Energy & A ; Resources Institute for aRs.97.99-lakh. It will analyse jutting clime alteration impact on services like H2O resources, agribusiness, migration, marine ecosystems and support. TERI wi ll analyse a exposure index for all the sectors, impacted from variables like temperature alteration, sea degree rise and the frequence of happening of utmost events and suggest version programs for Mumbai to cover with catastrophes originating from clime alteration. The survey will measure clime alteration impacts on wellness, ecosystems, markets and urge policies to get by up with these with alterations in land usage, lodging and urban development. It estimates that the cost of clime change-related amendss to the metropolis would beabout INR2.28 hundred thousand crore if there is no version program for these catastrophes. Cardinal Government besides plans to pass INR 300,000 crores to bring forth 60,000 MW power. International Enterprises: The Natural Resources Defense Council is a New York City-based, non-profit international environmental protagonism group. NRDC ‘s India Initiative on Climate Change and Clean Energy, which was launched in 2009, works with spouses in India to assist the state construct a low-carbon, sustainable economic system. Their work in India involves four interrelated following undertakings:i‚Â · Enhancing U.S.-India Cooperation on Climate Changei‚Â · Fixing for Public Health Impacts of Climate Changei‚Â · Increasing Building Efficiencyi‚Â · Strengthening Environmental GovernanceIdeas to Implement: From Best Practices across the World: Despite the enterprises and actions taken by the Indian authorities, planetary warming supports on increasing taking the state towards a greater danger. To endeavor with it, the state should hold a richer proficient attack, networking and expansive audience procedures at every occasion. Few attacks that might turn out highly helpful are as below: Land usage planning:Measuring matching resiliency of the metropolis to heavy precipitations and clime alteration and districting take the right adaptative steps. Zoning can assist accomplish big hazard decrease and its methodological analysis might include inside informations in hydrological modeling and analyses on clime alteration scenarios. Consistent hazard direction policies:An appropriate hazard direction policy would include all steps such as reduced edifice exposure, land-use programs, information and communicating to the community, improved drainage, insurance strategies, and support to Reconstruction. Frequent low-impact events like the inundations happening frequently in Mumbai could be avoided by improved drainage. For more terrible events ; population information, zoning and land-use programs and forestalling dweller to settle in flood-prone zones could cut down the badness. For exceeding inundations ; early warning and emptying are necessity, along with support for Reconstruction and insurance to extenuate economic losingss. Hazard designation, exposure appraisal and hazard analysis find where people, belongings, and critical installations are exposed to different natural jeopardies. Micro-level planning:For developingeffective drainage systems Anti-erosion stepsat beaches and seafronts Execution of theprotection program:For Rhizophora mangles and other wetland countries Introduction ofadvanced edifice building patterns: Reducing the salt content of new edifice stuffs ; upgrading of older edifices ; and scrutiny of stableness of seaside edifices at hazard of land eroding Greaterinvesting:Investings in heath sector, wellness attention installations and wellness infrastructurefor supplying medical attention to people affected by clime alteration. Introduction ofEnergy Conservation Measuresat all degrees Enhancement of the urban ecosystem: Creation of more unfastened infinites, verdure, Parkss and tree-lined roads. Comprehensive Emergency Management Plans and Post-Disaster Redevelopment Plans:This includes emptying and sheltering, pull offing the development and renovation of land exposed to natural jeopardies. The authorities must construct butchs to make a barrier against the billowing sea and salvage the bing Rhizophora mangles environing the metropolis from being destroyed further. Community battle:The communities should understand the hazard they might see, and besides the demand to take immediate and long term actions. They should be consulted on a regular footing during the decision-making procedure to by the contrivers, applied scientists and designers to do this enterprise a success. Adaptive Architectures for Resilience:Adaptable houses could be built that respond to inundations, and every bit useable the remainder of the twelvemonth. For most of the twelvemonth, these houses function as an ordinary resort whereas during inundations it transforms to supply an option ‘turned around’ life agreement to be adopted. Some international illustrations besides show that the houses could be built on concrete drifting organic structures. These houses can cover with an addition in H2O degree of up to 5.5 meters. The population addition and planetary heating effects in Mumbai will jeopardize the metropolis much more in approaching yearss. It is high clip that Central, State Governments and Local organic structures become cognizant of the gravitation of the state of affairs and do necessary policies in urban and environmental planning, where the dwellers besides take active engagement to salvage the metropolis Citations / Mentions:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeGlobal Warming and Its Impacts on Climate of India (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.climateemergencyinstitute.com/uploads/GLOBAL_WARMING_AND_ITS_IMPACTS_ON_CLIMATE_OF_INDIA.pdf)Best Practices: Land Use Planning Strategies and Best Development Practices for Minimizing Vulnerability to Flooding and Coastal Storms by Florida Department of Community Affair, Division of Community Planning and Emergency Management (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.floridajobs.org/fdcp/dcp/hazardmitigation/files/Protecting_FL_Comm.pdf)Best Practices: Confronting up to lifting sea-levels ; a programme of research on deluging in UK carried out by the RIBA and the Institution of Civil Engineers (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buildingfutures.org.uk/assets/downloads/Facing_Up_To_Rising_Sea_Levels.pdf)Best Practices:Pull offing Flood Risks in Parishes ; A Best Practice Guide Produced by The Hampshire Flood Steering Group 2nd Edition (hypertex t transfer protocol: //www.leics.gov.uk/flood_risks_in_parishes.pdf)Mumbai City Development Plan 2005-2025 (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.karmayog.org/docs/mumbai2005-25.pdf)Concluding Report for Enhancing Adaptation to Climate Change by Integrating Climate Risk into Long-Term Development Plan and Disaster Management Project by Asia Pacific Network for Global Change ResearchBenchmarking Urban Sustainability – A Composite Index for Mumbai and Bangalore by B.Sudhakara Reddy and P. Balachandra (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.igidr.ac.in/pdf/publication/WP-2013-008.pdf)Natural Resources Defense Council (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nrdc.org/international/india/)Current Enterprises of Local Governments in India by Dr. Jatin V. Modi (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.city.hamamatsu.shizuoka.jp/foreign/english/intercity_cooperation/pdf/congre_08.pdf)Economic impact of clime alteration on Mumbai, India by Rakesh Kumar, Parag Jawale and Shalini Tandon (hypertext transf er protocol: //www.pl.boell.org/alt/download_en/Regional_Health_Forum_Volume_12_No_1_Economic_impact_of.pdf)Mumbai City Report by Archana Patankar, Anand Patwardhan, Janki Andharia, Vikas Lakhani (hypertext transfer protocol: //startcc.iwlearn.org/doc/Doc_eng_16.pdf)hypertext transfer protocol: //energymatters.webs.com/Sai Solar System (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.saisolarsystem.in/JNNSM.html)The Times of India, Environment (hypertext transfer protocol: //articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-12/global-warming/35067898_1_climate-change-mumbai-oecd-study)Hindustan Times (hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/Mumbai/Climate-change-action-plan-for-Mumbai-in-two-years/Article1-525623.aspx)Google images

Costco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Costco - Case Study Example The model is appealing since it eventually fosters smaller prices draws in. the model addressers the fact that it is not only the Americans who requires bargains but even the potential classes. The model applies to every levels and individual, and does not only benefit those who would purchase at the membership warehouse. For instance, the prominent personnel wearing the Costco-bought products trigger an impression on the public on how the enterprise is progressing continually. Alternatively, Costco has manifested a steady progress in the recent years since the year 2000 according to the fiscal reports. The fundamental components of the Costco’s strategy entails low prices, restricted selection and a shopping environment targeted at obtaining the treasure. The enormously reduced-price strategy incorporates the mark-up restricted at fourteen percent and Kirkland, which is one of the Costco brands set at outdoing the national produce. The product choosing is restricted to about four thousand items within the broader variety of classifications (Thompson, 2008). Nevertheless, the business strives at increasing the number of options through the incorporation of subsidiary businesses. Despite all the efforts Costco applies, other clients might opt to purchase smaller quantities of the enterprise products. However, the business treats such losses as ‘clever’ loses in sales since they tend to intelligently out-do the business targets in limited perspectives. The hunt of treasure in merchandising includes a continually alternating choosing of about one thousand lavishness brands available for consumers. The luxury brands are meant to attract the shopkeepers and lead them into spending beyond their initial budgets and intentions through the provision of appealing deals. Costco attains effective treasure hunt through obtaining purchases from grey markets, for instance, the wholesalers or the perplexed retailers instead of the original producers. Theref ore, the question on the effectiveness of the strategy can receive  feedback that the feedback that the strategy is suitable (Thompson, 2008). I think Jim Sinegal is an effective CEO of the Costco Company. Jim is a level five leader who has led the company into a series of success in the United States and the world at large. The CEO has enabled the business to achieve a significant reputation in the global scope. Costco is the forth-best company in United States and the sixth best in the world. No company can rank such highly with poor management and leadership. Jim Sinegal has achieved this splendid performance through promoting favorable environments to the company workers and enhancing the company advertisement activities (Thompson, 2008). The CEO hold the record of visiting twelve warehouses in one day and the total number of the stores he physically attends to in a day ranges from eight to ten. Thus, in spite of Jim being ranked amongst the best CEOs, he considers the origin of the company’s wealth. The enterprise is performing well fiscally according to the financial information provided in the table and the report. The traditional perspective may perceive some numbers in the table to be good-looking but a critical understanding should prevail that the Costco is not a traditional corporation. The company’

SOLUTION TO PARK AND RIDE PROJECT COURSEWORK Assignment

SOLUTION TO PARK AND RIDE PROJECT COURSEWORK - Assignment Example The basic rule for numbering events is that the starting point of an activity is lower than the completion point. Meanwhile, the activities or tasks which need to be completed are represented by arrows. In Figure 1, the tasks indicated in Appendix B were replaced by activity codes using letters. Task duration in days is shown beside their respective codes as numbers in parenthesis. Table 1 presents the activity data for the project with the activity codes, description of each task, normal task duration, the early start (ES), early finish (EF), late start (LS) and late finish (LF) times based on normal duration. The ES and EF times were computed based on the analysis of the network using a forward pass. In a forward pass, computation is made from left to right. The earliest starting time of an activity is the earliest finish time of its predecessor. When an activity has no predecessor, such as for initial activity (or activities), the ES of this activity is 0. The earliest finish time is the sum of the early start time and the duration of the activity (Kerzner, 2009; De Marco, 2011). Meanwhile, the LS and LF times were calculated using a backward pass or a right to left computation. The late start of the final activity is taken as the late finish of this activity and from here the late start of the final activity is computed by subtracting the activity duration from the LS time. If there are two or more terminal activities, the highest LS time of these activities should be adopted as the LS time of the rest of the terminating activities (Kerzner, 2009; Demarco, 2011). Table 1 is presented below and the network diagram is shown as Figure 1 on page 4. Table 1. Activity Data for the Park and Ride Project Using ‘Normal’ Task Durations – Float Times Task Description Duration (in days) Early Start (ES) Early Finish (EF) Late Start (LS) Late Finish (LF) Total Float (TF) Free Float (FF) A Excavate Site 10 0 10 0 10 0 0 B Install Ground Drainage 5 10 15 15 20 5 5 C Install Piled Foundations 10 10 20 10 20 0 0 D Erect Steel Frame 10 20 30 20 30 0 0 E Pour In-situ Concrete Floors 9 30 39 30 39 0 0 F Install Electricity, Lighting and IT Cabling 10 39 49 39 49 0 0 G Electrical and Lighting Fit Out 8 49 57 51 59 2 2 H Fix IT Hardware and Screens 10 49 59 49 59 0 0 I Tar-macadam to Access Ramps and Parking 4 49 53 55 59 6 0 J Fix Automated Entrance Barriers 3 49 52 56 59 7 7 K Commission Services and IT Equipment 10 59 69 59 69 0 0 L Landscaping 10 53 63 59 69 6 6 1. The critical path based on the ‘normal’ activity durations There are three ways of determining if an activity is critical. First, from the tabulation of the ES, EF, LS and LF times, if the ES and EF times of an activity are identical to the LS and LF times, then this activity is critical. An examination of Table 1 revealed that seven activities are critical and these are highlighted in blue and bold font in the table. These are activities are: A, C, D, E, F, H, and K. Another way of determining which activities are critical is by computing the float or slack. Float or slack is the difference between the early schedule (ES, EF) and the late schedule (LS, LF). Tasks with zero (0) float are critical (Kendrick, 2010). As reflected in Table 1, the critical activities have 0 total float and 0 free float. To differentiate, total float is the amount of time (i.e. days, in this project) that an activity can

Managing Youth and Community Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Youth and Community Work - Essay Example Youth clubs have a long and storied history in the United Kingdom. Though serving a modified client base, in many ways Sweatman's assessment of the need for Youth Clubs is reflected in the activities modern day Youth Services provide (i.e. companionship, useful instruction, strong guiding influence). Youth services rely on public funds to run their programmes, though they are rarely run like most public agencies. There is a strong reliance on volunteers and part-time employees, emphasizing partnerships in the community. As such, managing youth and community workers can be challenging. Understanding management needs in this field necessitates an understanding of the differing management theories from which the youth service and individual youth and community managers will draw. Some consider Machiavelli's The Prince to be the seminal work in management philosophy. However, most students in the field regard Frederick Taylor's The Principles of Scientific Management as the definitive work quantifying and describing management theory. ... y the turn of the century it was evident that informal leadership structures of the past needed to be formalized to organise and direct the ever-increasing employee base while enhancing productivity. Taylor is credited with coining the term "scientific management" as well as the first theorist of the Classical School of Management Theory. As noted by Freeman (1996), key components of scientific management include: Developing a science for each person's work Scientifically selecting, training, teaching, and developing each worker The belief that "management should do the thinking while workers should perform the tasks." (Herndon, 1997) Prosperity for the employer and employee Freeman further noted that Taylor's "Task Idea" is one of the most prominent elements of this era. The "Task Idea" focuses on planning, planning the task of each worker including planning instructions to complete the task, planning the time to complete the task, planned so that each worker performs a task most suited to their strengths. Although initially scientific management seemed to enhance efficiency and productivity, its routine nature led to worker boredom and the management-labor rift grew precipitously. Another prominent theory of the Classical School is Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management theory. Indeed, Weber is credited with coining the term "bureaucracy" to describe a given organisational structure. As reprinted in Miller (1963), Weber believed the "fundamental categories of rational legal authority" to include: 1. A continuous organization of official functions bound by rules 2. A specified sphere of competence 3. The organization of offices follows the principle of hierarchy; that is, each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher one. 4. The rules which